Title:Lifestyle, Environment, and Dietary Measures Impacting Cognitive
Impairment: The Evidence Base for Cognitive Subtypes
Volume: 20
Issue: 10
Author(s): Umesh C. Gupta*Subhas C. Gupta
Affiliation:
- Agriculture and Agri-food Canada, Charlottetown Research and Development Centre, 440 University Avenue, Charlottetown,
PE, C1A 4N6, Canada
Keywords:
Lifestyle, flavonoids, toll-like receptors, exercise, Alzheimer’s disease, dementia and COVID-19.
Abstract: Cognition includes all phases of valid functions and processes, e.g., sensitivity, judgment,
assessment, and decision-making. Thinking is also a cognitive procedure since it involves
considering potential opportunities. There are various types of cognition. Hot cognition involves
mental procedures where emotion plays a role, while cold cognition includes mental processes
that do not include feelings or emotions. Cognitive memories of various types include sensor memory,
sensing touch, smell, and sight; short-term memory allows one to recall, e.g., what one had
for lunch a few days ago; working memory includes remembering telephone numbers or directions
to a destination; and long-term memory comprises of major milestones in life and recalling
one’s childhood events. These are further classified as episodic, e.g., the first day in primary
school, and semantic memories, such as recalling the capital city of a country and filling out crossword
puzzles. Declarative memories include remembering significant past events, such as global
information. Cognition is affected by factors, such as nutrition, aging, addiction, environment,
mental health, physical activity, smoking, and keeping the brain active. Consumption of plant-
based foods plays a prominent role in the prevention of cognitive memory. Playing games and instruments,
reading books, and being socially active make life more satisfying, thus assisting in the
preservation of mental function and slowing mental decline.
