The burden of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection on the public health care system continues to remain significant despite the remarkable progress made in HCV therapeutics in the recent past. There are now almost a dozen oral interferon-free direct-acting antivirals available for the treatment of hepatitis C virus infection. Despite advances in the treatment of HCV, therapeutic gaps remain that are yet to be fully explored. Researchers and scientists still strive to understand virus-host interactions to map the disease's progression along with extrahepatic manifestations and virus invasion strategies impacting the host's immune system. This book briefly discusses the biology of HCV infection, virus-host interactions, molecular epidemiology of the infection, and the full spectrum of immune responses to hepatitis C. It also provides in-depth information about HCV, clinical diagnostics, and therapeutic knowledge to all stakeholders involved in HCV screening, diagnosis, treatment, and management. Topics covered in the chapters include 1) HCV-host interactions leading to asymptomatic acute infection, 2) the progression of acute HCV infection to chronic disease and subsequent extrahepatic comorbidities, 3) Innate and adaptive immune responses in HCV infections, 4) Consensus-based Approaches for Hepatitis C Screening and Diagnosis, 5) advances in hepatitis C therapy and global management of HCV, and 6) the outcomes of Oral Interferon-free Direct-acting Antivirals as Combination Therapies to Cure Hepatitis C. This book is a valuable addition to undergraduate and postgraduate hepatology students and physicians, clinicians, hepatologists, and health care officials involved in HCV clinical diagnosis and therapeutics.

Triple negative breast cancers (TNBC) are a biologically aggressive form of breast cancer and constitute approximately 10-15% of all breast cancer patients. Distant metastasis, lack of clinically targeted therapies and prognostic markers, makes the disease difficult to treat. Till now not much work has been carried out on this deadly disease. This book provides an overview of TNBC etiology, its treatment strategies and prognostic markers to identify the outcome of standard therapies. Signalling pathways namely cell proliferation, angiogenesis, invasion and metastasis, apoptosis, autophagy and others involved in complicating the disease have been described in the chapters to convey an understanding about the disease mechanisms. All the possible drugs either in pre-clinical or clinical stages have also been mentioned with data that depicts their efficiency in targeting altered genes. The book also introduces the reader to herbal medicine exhibiting high potency to target TNBC, their synthetic analogs used during chemotherapy and their ability to fight against chemoresistance. The concept of phytonanotechnology has also been discussed. The book helps create awareness among a broad range of readers about TNBC. It points to prioritizing the upgradation of health care facilities and re-designing future treatment strategies to provide maximum benefit to breast cancer patients.

In this third year of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic responsible for COVD-19 and related diseases worldwide, the scientific studies and reviews focused on this virus and its variants are still crucial. The third volume of the Coronaviruses series brings together some essential data regarding the origin, pathology and chemotherapeutic drugs to treat coronavirus infections. Contributions are written by experienced researchers with the goal of updating medical researchers and clinicians dealing with COVID-19 patients. It presents seven chapters covering a range of topics: (1) bat coronaviruses in the world, (2) hospital challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic, (3) the pro-inflammatory and thrombotic manifestations and the therapeutic options of Covid-19, (4) the common and rare dermatologic manifestations registered in COVID-19 patients, (5) the circulating biomarkers of cardiopulmonary disturbances in COVID-19, and (6) the aspects of pathology and pathogenesis of coronavirus infection

Scientific Philosophy and Principles in Medicine is an accessible treatise on the philosophy that guides medical practice. It lays the foundation of a multidisciplinary framework behind the development of the medical profession. The book presents 10 chapters that cover issues that are frequently encountered by medical professionals in their career: philosophical and linguistic principles of rational thought, scientific, crisp and fuzzy logic, diagnostic aspects, the history of medicine, epistemological concepts, approximate reasoning, principles of medical wisdom, numerical and graphical diagnostics, and the collaboration of researchers involved in the fields of engineering and medicine. The author of the book brings several years of teaching experience and medical practice into this reference with the goal of integrating principles of scientific philosophy and logic into medical education. Readers will understand the process of devising rational diagnostic and treatment approaches that support human health as a generative process that seeks to solve problems through creativity, rather than a classical process of following medical protocols. This book is intended as a basic reference for medical students, teachers, and general readers interested in the application of logic, philosophy and scientific principles in medicine.

This handbook provides an introduction to COVID-19 and herbal medications that boost the human immune system against SARS-CoV-2. The topics are covered in 7 chapters starting with an introduction to the disease, followed by notes on nutraceuticals and common herbal medicines that have therapeutic potential by enhancing the patient's immune response. Special topics such as COVID-19 risk factors and Indian traditional medicines are also included to supplement the contents. The editors have taken advantage of the vast body of knowledge accumulated since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2019. Chapters are written in simple language with structured headings to facilitate a quick understanding of the subject. References are provided for scholars interested in further readings. The book is a quick guide on immune boosting medicines for a broad audience that includes general medical practitioners, nurses, caregivers, and public healthcare workers involved in clinics working in local communities.

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a complex metabolic disorder characterized by impaired glucose metabolism and pancreatic β-cell dysfunction. No effective treatments are available for T2D, although there have been many developments in the therapeutic arena. Nitric oxide (NO) is an endocrine agent with multiple and important biological roles in most mammalian tissues. NO has emerged as a central regulator of energy metabolism and body composition. NO bioavailability is decreased in T2D. Several of the pharmaceuticals used in T2D affect the NO system and perhaps even more so by the drugs we use to treat diabetic cardiovascular complications. Experimental works in animal models of T2D show promising results with interventions aimed to increase NO signaling. However, translation into human studies has so far been less successful, but more large-scale prolonged studies are clearly needed to understand its role. This book is a collection of reviews that deal with the role of nitric oxide in type 2 diabetes, providing a unique overview of NO signaling, and pointing out key areas for more detailed research. The book includes contributions about the pathophysiology of T2D, a brief history of discovery and timeline of NO research, a comprehensive overview of impaired NO metabolism in T2D, precursors of NO (i.e., L-arginine, L-citrulline, nitrate, nitrites, and NO donors), NO and T2D from genetic points of view, NO and diabetic wound healing, NO and osteoporosis, NO and hyperuricemia, NO and Alzheimer's Disease, therapeutic applications of NO and NO donors in T2D. The compilation is of great value to anyone interested in the biochemistry of NO and its relationship to diabetes.

In recent years, we have witnessed significant advances in obstetric anesthesia, providing greater safety for the mother and the fetus, as well as an improvement in pain management procedures during labor. This volume presents updates in obstetrics and gynecology that are reflective of the changes in the demographics and associated clinical presentations of gynecological pathologies. It compiles state of the art information on the subject in 20 chapters contributed by more than 50 experts in obstetric anesthesia. The main objective of this volume is to inform and update readers about the different aspects essential to the practice of anesthesia and analgesia during pregnancy, labor, cesarean section and puerperium. The contents also include information about the management of pregnant women with different pathologies and high-risk pregnancies. The authors believe that it is essential for all anesthesiologists to be aware of the latest advances and well-contrasted scientific evidence that will allow them to carry out their usual clinical activity. The volume approaches the subject in a clear and didactic way for the benefit of all professionals involved in this field, including anesthesiologists, gynecologists, obstetricians, surgeons, clinicians and allied healthcare service providers.

Illustrated Pediatric Dentistry is intended to be a guide to undergraduate and postgraduate students in their understanding of pediatric dentistry. This textbook is modernized with the latest information and techniques in pediatric dentistry. The chapters cover primary pediatric dentistry, its clinical aspects, preventive dentistry, and information about the latest trends in the specialty. The text will equip readers with the knowledge suited to the changing environment of this vital domain. This textbook's editor has over forty-four years of teaching experience in pediatric dentistry and gives their broad perspective through the book content. This book is also the amalgamation of the thoughts of numerous subject experts of international repute. Part 1 of this book features information about the developmental psychology of a child, dental caries, craniofacial growth and development, growth of the maxilla and mandible, dentition and occlusion, and oral mucosa. Key Features: - The 15, structured chapters keep the latest trends of the subject in mind - The book content is illustrated with quality clinical images, - Chapters cover contemporary concepts of problems experienced when treating multiple dental disorders - The contributions exhibit distinct clinical expertise and the capability of imparting inimitable knowledge to budding professionals - The book includes modern and current state-of-the-art techniques used in the clinic - Topic outlines help to quickly review and easily locate content. Also, the Contents of the book are well structured and presented in a very lucid manner, making it easy to understand for students.

This book gives an overview of innovative approaches in telehealth and telemedicine. The Goal of the content is to inform readers about recent computer applications in e-health, including Internet of Things (IoT) and Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) technology. The 9 chapters will guide readers to determine the urgency to intervene in specific medical cases, and to assess risk to healthcare workers. The focus on telehealth along with telemedicine, encompasses a broader spectrum of remote healthcare services for the reader to understand. Chapters cover the following topics: - A COVID-19 care system for virus precaution, prevention, and treatment - The Internet of Things (IoT) in Telemedicine, - Artificial Intelligence for Remote Patient Monitoring systems - Machine Learning in Telemedicine - Convolutional Neural Networks for the detection and prediction of melanoma in skin lesions - COVID-19 virus contact tracing via mobile apps - IoT and Cloud convergence in healthcare - Lung cancer classification and detection using deep learning - Telemedicine in India This book will assist students, academics, and medical professionals in learning about cutting-edge telemedicine technologies. It will also inform beginner researchers in medicine about upcoming trends, problems, and future research paths in telehealth and telemedicine for infectious disease control and cancer diagnosis.

This reference summarizes recent advancements in knowledge about cardiovascular disease and pharmacology. The goal of the book is to inform readers about recent findings on cardiovascular therapeutics and how to conduct experiments to evaluate natural products. It presents 10 chapters that cover basic clinical research on cardiovascular diseases and therapeutic agents derived from natural sources. The book concludes with a series of experiments that demonstrate the methods to test the ameliorative effects of 3 phytochemicals: Biochanin A (red clover), Zingiberene (ginger oil) and Betaine (sugar beet). Key Features - 10 chapters that highlight recent research cardiovascular medicine and pharmacology - Covers knowledge about basic cardiovascular physiology, congestive heart failure treatment and the treatment of heart inflammation. - Covers uses, benefits, and drawbacks of numerous rodent and non-rodent animal models for studying CVD - Updates readers about 21st-century CRISPR-cas9 technology and its uses in CVD. - Covers the significance of Indian Ayurvedic techniques on the cardiovascular system, - Covers information about nutraceuticals for CVD therapy - Includes experiments to evaluate 3 phytochemicals for the treatment of different heart diseases such as hypertension, obesity-cardiomyopathy and the mitigation of inflammatory cytokines in myocardial infarction. This book is an informative resource for cardiologists, and researchers working in the field of cardiovascular pharmacology. It also helps readers to understand the benefits of herbal medications that are commonly available for consumption in homes.