Title:Diabetes-induced Proteome Changes Throughout Development
Volume: 19
Issue: 6
Author(s): Dina Johar*, Sara M. Ahmed, Samer El. Hayek, Nader Al-Dewik, Eshak I. Bahbah, Nabil H. Omar, Mahmoud Mustafa, Doaa O. Salman, Asmaa Fahmey, Mohamed Mottawea, Rasha A.M. Azouz and Larry Bernstein
Affiliation:
- Biomedical Science Program, University of Science and Technology, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt and Biochemistry and Nutrition Department, Ain Shams University Faculty of Women for Arts, Sciences and Education, Heliopolis, Cairo,Egypt
Keywords:
Diabetes mellitus, proteome, organogenesis, stress signaling, unfolded protein response, endoplasmic reticulum
stress.
Abstract:
Background: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a multisystemic disease involving the homeostasis
of insulin secretion by the pancreatic islet beta cells (β-cells). It is associated with hypertension, renal
disease, and arterial and arteriolar vascular diseases.
Discussion: The classification of diabetes is identified as type 1 (gene linked β-cell destruction in
childhood) and type 2 (late onset associated with β-cell overload and insulin resistance in peripheral
tissues. Type 1 diabetes is characterized by insulin deficiency, type 2 diabetes by both insulin deficiency
and insulin resistance. The former is a genetically programmed loss of insulin secretion whereas
the latter constitutes a disruption of the homeostatic relationship between the opposing activity of β-
cell insulin and alpha cell (α-cell) glucagon of the Islets of Langerhans. The condition could also occur
in pregnancy, as a prenatal occurring event, possibly triggered by the hormonal changes of pregnancy
combined with β-cell overload. This review discusses the molecular basis of the biomolecular changes
that occur with respect to glucose homeostasis and related diseases in DM. The underlying link
between pancreatic, renal, and microvascular diseases in DM is based on oxidative stress and the
Unfolded Protein Response (UPR).
Conclusion: Studying proteome changes in diabetes can deepen our understanding of the biomolecular
basis of disease and help us acquire more efficient therapies.
