Title:The Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 in the Regulation of Ion Channels and Cellular Carriers
Volume: 26
Issue: 37
关键词:
GSK-3，细胞转运，离子通道，膜载体，GSK-3β敏感细胞转运，EAAT2。
摘要: Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) is a highly evolutionarily conserved and
ubiquitously expressed serine/threonine kinase, an enzyme protein profoundly specific for
glycogen synthase (GS). GSK-3 is involved in various cellular functions and physiological
processes, including cell proliferation, differentiation, motility, and survival as well as glycogen
metabolism, protein synthesis, and apoptosis. There are two isoforms of human GSK-3
(named GSK-3α and GSK-3β) encoded by two distinct genes. Recently, GSK-3β has been
reported to function as a powerful regulator of various transport processes across the cell
membrane. This kinase, GSK-3β, either directly or indirectly, may stimulate or inhibit many
different types of transporter proteins, including ion channel and cellular carriers. More specifically,
GSK-3β-sensitive cellular transport regulation involves various calcium, chloride,
sodium, and potassium ion channels, as well as a number of Na+-coupled cellular carriers including
excitatory amino acid transporters EAAT2, 3 and 4, high-affinity Na+ coupled glucose
carriers SGLT1, creatine transporter 1 CreaT1, and the type II sodium/phosphate cotransporter
NaPi-IIa. The GSK-3β-dependent cellular transport regulations are a part of the
kinase functions in numerous physiological and pathophysiological processes. Clearly, additional
studies are required to examine the role of GSK-3β in many other types of cellular
transporters as well as further elucidating the underlying mechanisms of GSK-3β-mediated
cellular transport regulation.
