Title:Understanding the Course of Self-disorders and Alterations in Self- Experience in Schizophrenia: Implications from Research on Metacognition
Volume: 14
Issue: 3
Author(s): Paul H. Lysaker*, Jay A. Hamm, Jenifer Vohs, Marina Kukla, Michelle L. Pattison, Bethany L. Leonhardt and John T. Lysaker
Affiliation:
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Indianapolis, IN 46202,United States
Keywords:
Schizophrenia, self, metacognition, recovery, psychosis, phenomenology, psychoanalysis, rehabilitation.
Abstract: Background: First person, or subjective, experiences of persons with schizophrenia are
recognized to play a fundamental role in the outcome. From psychoanalytic, existential, phenomenological,
rehabilitation-oriented and dialogical perspectives, this review explores five descriptions
of alterations in subjective experience, which are sometimes called self-disorders. While each provides
rich accounts of these experiences, we conclude that each fails in some way to adequately
account for how persons move into, or develop, alterations in self-experience, and how they move
out of them or recover.
Method: To address these limitations, we review research on the integrated model of metacognition
in schizophrenia which offers an account of how self-experience may be compromised and later
recaptured in ways that could be influenced by a range of psychological, social and biological phenomena.
Results: We argue that research on metacognition suggests decrements in metacognitive function
may partially account for the emergence of these difficulties and also explain how their resolution
contributes to recovery.
Conclusion: With the loss or recapture of metacognitive capacities, the socially-positioned, interpersonal
lives of persons seem to lose or gain saliency, which in turn undermines or enables persons
to develop a working sense of themselves that orients them purposefully and allows them to address
challenges. Metacognitively oriented treatments which promote awareness of personal experience
regardless of the level of fragmentation and work with persons as they slowly develop the ability to
integrate information about themselves and others may offer unique promise for promoting recovery.
