Title:Modern Approaches to Tissue Engineering of the Spinal Cord: Analytical Review
Volume: 7
Issue: 1
Author(s): I.N. Bolshakov*, S.L. Kiselev and A.V. Svetlakov
Affiliation:
- Department of Operative Surgery and Topographic Anatomy Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky, 1 Partizana Zheleznyaka St., Krasnoyarsk, Ind. 660022,Russian Federation
Keywords:
Biopolymers, cellular reconstruction technologies, collagen-chitosan scaffold, experiment and clinic, neurotrophic
support, prospects, recovery strategy, spinal cord injury.
Abstract: The analytical review is devoted to the current state of the world problem of restoring the
anatomical and functional integrity of the spinal cord after trauma in experimental animal models and
humans. The review includes the epidemiology and pathophysiology of spinal cord injury (SCI), the
use of stem cells for local transplantation in the central nervous system, including embryonic or induced
pluripotent stem cells or the precursors of neuronal and glial cells. An important place in the review
is devoted to the use of neuronal trophic factors in the concept of reconstructive therapy of spinal
cord injuries. The authors singled out the experimental and clinical directions of the restoration of the
conduction pathways and functions of the spinal cord when it is damaged placing emphasis on the
combined use of cellular, neuronal trophic ingredients based on the most modern biodegradable implants
with the properties of target molecule system delivery. Considering the fact that obtaining reprogrammed
neuronal cells from IPSCh take a long time with a small output of specialized cell mass,
the authors of the review give examples of modern promising technologies for solving this problem.
The analysis of biodegradable matrices for cell transplantation into the area of spinal cord injury focuses
on the role of chitosan biopolymer as a promising material for regenerative medicine, in particular
for the elimination of spinal cord injury. The authors' own results point to the successful experimental
use of cellular collagen-chitosan matrices in the reconstruction of the spinal cord during its full
transection. A separate section is devoted to the role of angiogenesis factors in the restoration of spinal
cord functions and the contribution of chitosan polymers in the formation of therapeutic angiogenesis
in spinal cord injury. The authors of the article draw attention to recommendations for basic and clinical
trials of cellular products, biological surveillance, transparency of manipulation and ethics, presented
by the International Campaign for Cures of Spinal Cord Injury Paralysis (ICCP) and the International
Society for Stem Cell Research (ISSCR).