Generic placeholder image

Letters in Drug Design & Discovery

Editor-in-Chief

ISSN (Print): 1570-1808
ISSN (Online): 1875-628X

Research Article

Design, Synthesis and Evaluation of Thiourea Derivatives as Antimicrobial and Antiviral Agents

Author(s): Veerasamy Ravichandran*, Sivadasan Shalini, Krishnan Suresh Kumar, Harish Rajak and Ram Kishore Agrawal

Volume 16, Issue 6, 2019

Page: [618 - 624] Pages: 7

DOI: 10.2174/1570180815666180801120440

Price: $65

Abstract

Background: The development of drug-resistant by bacteria appears rapidly and thus making the effectiveness of antibiotics severely limited.

Methods: A series of thiourea derivatives was synthesized, characterized and evaluated for their in vitro antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral activities.

Results: Structures of the newly synthesized compounds were confirmed by elemental and spectral analysis. The biological results showed that some of the target compounds displayed comparable antimicrobial and antiviral activities with reference drugs. Structure-activity relationship studies revealed that the ortho- chloro or fluoro substituted phenyl at Ar1 and substituted pyridinyl at Ar2 positions of the thiourea nucleus are essential for their in vitro antimicrobial and anti-HIV activity. In particular, compounds 8 and 10 showed better activity against the tested bacteria, fungi and viral strains than other synthesized PET derivatives reported in the present study.

Conclusion: These results provide an encouraging lead that could be used for the development of new potent antiviral and antimicrobial agents.

Keywords: Thioureas, antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, anti-HIV, nucleosides.

Graphical Abstract
[1]
Ahgren, C.; Backro, K.; Bell, F.W.; Cantrell, A.S.; Clemens, M.; Colacino, J.M.; Deeter, J.B.; Engelhardt, J.A.; Hogberg, M.; Jaskunas, S.R.; Johansson, N.G.; Jordan, C.L.; Kasher, J.S.; Kinnick, M.D.; Lind, P.; Lopez, C.; Morin, J.M. Jr.; Muesing, M.A.; Noreen, R.; Oberg, B.; Paget, C.J.; Palkowitz, J.A.; Parrish, C.A.; Pranc, P.; Rippy, M.K.; Rydergard, C.; Sahlberg, C.; Swanson, S.; Ternansky, R.J.; Unge, T.; Vasileff, R.T.; Vrang, L.; West, S.J.; Zhang, H.; Zhou, X.X. The PETT series, a new class of potent nonnucleoside inhibitors of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 1995, 39(6), 1329-1335.
[2]
Bell, F.W.; Cantrell, A.S.; Högberg, M.; Jaskunas, S.R.; Johansson, N.G.; Jordan, C.L.; Kinnick, M.D.; Lind, P.; Morin, J.M.; Noréen, R. Phenethylthiazolethiourea (PETT) compounds, a new class of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitors. 1. Synthesis and basic structure-activity relationship studies of PETT analogs. J. Med. Chem., 1995, 38, 4929-4936.
[3]
Cantrell, A.S.; Engelhardt, P.; Hogberg, M.; Jaskunas, S.R.; Johansson, N.G.; Jordan, C.L.; Kangasmetsa, J.; Kinnick, M.D.; Lind, P.; Morin, J.M.; Muesing, M.A.; Noreen, R.; Oberg, B.; Pranc, P.; Sahlberg, C.; Ternansky, R.J.; Vasilef, R.T.; Virang, L.; West, S.J.; Zhang, H. Phenethylthiazolylthiourea (PETT) compounds as a new class of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitors. 2. Synthesis and further structure activity relationship studies of PETT analogs. J. Med. Chem., 1996, 39, 4261-4274.
[4]
Zhang, H.; Vrang, L.; Backbro, K.; Lind, P.; Sahlberg, C.; Unge, T.; Oberg, B. Inhibition of wild type and mutant reverse transcriptase by the phenyl ethyl thiazolyl thiourea derivatives trovirdine and MSC-127. Antiviral Res., 1995, 28(4), 331-342.
[5]
Uckun, F.M.; Mao, C.; Pendergrass, S.; Maher, D.; Zhu, D.; Tuel-Ahlgren, L.; Venkatachalam, T.K.N. -[2-(1-cyclohexenyl)ethyl]-N′-[2-(5-bromo pyridyl)]-thiourea and N′-[2-(1-cyclohexenyl) ethyl]-N′-[2-(5-chloropyridyl)]-thiourea as potent inhibitors of multidrug-resistant human immunodeficiency virus-1. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 1999, 9(18), 2721-2726.
[6]
Uckun, F.M.; Mao, C.; Pendergrass, S.; Maher, D.; Zhu, D.; Tuel-Ahlgren, L.; Venkatachalam, T.K.N. ′-[2-(2-thiophene)ethyl]-N′-[2-(5-bromopyridyl)] thiourea as a potent inhibitor of nni-resistant and multidrug-resistant human immunodeficiency virus-1. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 1999, 9(24), 3411-3416.
[7]
Uckun, F.M.; Mao, C.; Pendergrass, S.; Maher, D.; Zhu, D.; Tuel-Ahlgren, L.; Venkatachalam, T.K.N. ′-[2-(4-methylphenyl)ethyl]-N′-[2-(5-bromo pyridyl)]- thiourea as a potent inhibitor of NNI resistant and multidrug-resistant human immunodeficiency virus-1. Antivir. Chem. Chemother., 2000, 11(2), 135-140.
[8]
Venkatachalam, T.K.; Sudbeck, E.A.; Mao, C.; Uckun, F.M. Stereochemistry of halopyridyl and thiazolyl thiourea compounds is a major determinant of their potency as nonnucleoside inhibitors of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 2000, 10(18), 2071-2074.
[9]
Hunter, R.; Younis, Y.; Muhanji, C.I.; Curtin, T.L.; Naidoo, K.J.; Petersen, M.; Bailey, C.M.; Basavapathruni, A.; Anderson, K.S. C-2-aryl O-substituted HI-236 derivatives as non-nucleoside HIV-1 reverse-transcriptase inhibitors. Bioorg. Med. Chem., 2008, 16, 10270-10280.
[10]
Patel, R.B.; Chikhalia, K.H.; Pannecouque, C.; de Clercq, E. Synthesis of novel PETT analogues: 3,4-Dimethoxy phenyl ethyl-1,3,5-triazinyl thiourea derivatives and their antibacterial and anti-HIV studies. J. Braz. Chem. Soc., 2007, 18, 312-321.
[11]
Tatar, E.; Kucukguzel, S.G.; Karakus, S.; Clercq, E.D.; Andrei, G.; Snoeck, R.; Pannecouque, C.; Okllu, S.K.; Unubol, N.; Kocagoz, T.; Kalayci, S.; Sahin, F.; Kucukguzei, I. Synthesis and biological evaluation of some new 1,3,4-thiadiazole and 1,2,4-triazole derivatives from L-methionine as antituberculosis and antiviral agents. Marmara Pharm. J., 2015, 19, 88-102.
[12]
Dixit, P.P.; Patil, V.J.; Nair, P.S.; Jain, S.; Sinha, N.; Arora, S.K. Synthesis of 1-[3-(4-benzotriazol-1/2-yl-3-fluoro-phenyl)-2-oxo-oxazolidin-5-ylmethyl]-3-substituted-thiourea derivatives as antituberculosis agents. Eur. J. Med. Chem., 2006, 41, 423-428.
[13]
De Clercq, E.; Descamps, J.; Verhelst, G.; Walker, R.T.; Jones, A.S.; Torrence, P.F.; Shugar, D. Comparative efficacy of antiherpes drugs against different strains of herpes simplex virus. J. Infect. Dis., 1980, 141, 563-574.
[14]
De Clercq, E. Antiviral and antimetabolic activities of neplanocins. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 1985, 28, 84-89.
[15]
De Clercq, E.; Holy, A.; Rosenberg, I.; Sakuma, T.; Balzarani, J.; Maudgal, P.C. A novel selective broad-spectrum anti-DNA virus agent. Nature, 1986, 323, 464-467.
[16]
Pannecouque, C.; Daelemans, D.; De Clercq, E. Tetrazolium-based colorimetric assay for the detection of HIV replication inhibitors: Revisited 20 years later. Nat. Protoc., 2008, 3, 427-434.
[17]
Ravichandran, V.; Agrawal, R.K. Predicting anti-HIV activity of PETT derivatives: CoMFA approach. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 2007, 17, 2197-2202.
[18]
Ravichandran, V.; Prashantha, K.B.R.; Sankar, S.; Agrawal, R.K. Comparative molecular similarity indices analysis for predicting anti-HIV activity of Phenyl Ethyl Thiourea (PET) derivatives. Med. Chem. Res., 2008, 17, 1-11.

© 2024 Bentham Science Publishers | Privacy Policy