Title:Metabolism of Peptide Drugs and Strategies to Improve their Metabolic Stability
Volume: 19
Issue: 11
Author(s): Jin-Feng Yao, Hong Yang, Yan-Zhi Zhao and Ming Xue*
Affiliation:
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069,China
Keywords:
Peptides, peptidases, metabolism, stability, bioavailability, modification.
Abstract: Background: Despite the therapeutic use of peptides is limited because of their metabolism in vivo, there
are no systematic reviews explaining degradation of peptides by peptidases. This review summarizes peptidases
present in the tissues and metabolic characteristics of peptides, and provides recent strategies for improving the
metabolic stability of peptides.
Method: We reviewed a number of peptidases including their functional groups, tissue localization and cleavage
specificity. Given the broad distribution of peptidases in the body, several tissues, such as the liver, kidney, lung,
blood, nasal epithelial cells, placenta and skin, have the capacity to metabolize peptides. We compared the metabolic
characteristics of peptides in these tissues and then summarized strategies for improving peptide stability.
Results: In addition to the primary organs including liver, kidney, gastrointestinal tract and blood involved in peptide
metabolism, other organs such as the lung, skin, placenta and nasal mucosa may also play a role in peptide degradation.
At present, the main measures to improve the stability of the peptide include N- and/or C-terminal modification
or substitution, D-amino acid or unnatural amino acid substitution, cyclization, backbone modification, nanoparticle
formulations and increased molecular mass.
Conclusion: This review summarized the key in vivo peptidases and their tissue distribution characteristics, and
presented strategies to improve the metabolic stability and bioavailability of peptide drugs. These viewpoints will
benefit the further development and utilization of peptide drugs.
