Title:NGF and BDNF Alterations by Prenatal Alcohol Exposure
Volume: 17
Issue: 4
Author(s): Valentina Carito, Mauro Ceccanti, Giampiero Ferraguti, Roberto Coccurello, Stefania Ciafrè, Paola Tirassa and Marco Fiore*
Affiliation:
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology (IBCN-CNR), Rome,Italy
Keywords:
Gestational alcohol, FAS, oxidative stress, FASD, NGF, BDNF.
Abstract:
Background: It is now widely established that the devastating effects of prenatal alcohol
exposure on the embryo and fetus development cause marked cognitive and neurobiological deficits
in the newborns. The negative effects of the gestational alcohol use have been well documented and
known for some time. However, also the subtle role of alcohol consumption by fathers prior to mating
is drawing special attention.
Objective: Both paternal and maternal alcohol exposure has been shown to affect the neurotrophins'
signalling pathways in the brain and in target organs of ethanol intoxication. Neurotrophins, in particular
nerve growth factor (NGF) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), are molecules
playing a pivotal role in the survival, development and function of the peripheral and central nervous
systems but also in the pathogenesis of developmental defects caused by alcohol exposure.
Methods: New researches from the available literature and experimental data from our laboratory
are presented in this review to offer the most recent findings regarding the effects of maternal and
paternal prenatal ethanol exposure especially on the neurotrophins' signalling pathways.
Results: NGF and BDNF changes play a subtle role in short- and long-lasting effects of alcohol in
ethanol target tissues, including neuronal cell death and severe cognitive and physiological deficits
in the newborns.
Conclusion: The review suggests a possible therapeutic intervention based on the use of specific
molecules with antioxidant properties in order to induce a potential prevention of the harmful effects
of the paternal and/or maternal alcohol exposure.