Title:Neuroprotective Effects of Citrus Fruit-Derived Flavonoids, Nobiletin and Tangeretin in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Disease
Volume: 16
Issue: 4
Author(s): Nady Braidy*, Sahar Behzad, Solomon Habtemariam, Touqeer Ahmed, Maria Daglia, Seyed Mohammad Nabavi, Eduardo Sobarzo-Sanchez and Seyed Fazel Nabavi
Affiliation:
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney,Australia
Keywords:
Alzheimer's disease, amyloid, nobiletin, Parkinson’s disease, tangeretin, tau.
Abstract: Neurodegenerative diseases, namely Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease represent
a deleterious impact worldwide. Despite extensive preclinical and clinical research in neurodegenerative
disorders, therapeutic strategies aimed at the prevention and chronic treatment of neurodegenerative
conditions have not been successfully translated to the clinic. Therefore, the identification of novel
pharmacological intervention derived from natural products is warranted. Nobiletin and tangeretin are
important citrus flavonoids derived from the peel and other parts of Citrus L. genus, and have been
shown to exhibit neuroprotective effects in several in vitro and in vivo studies. Apart from there antioxidant
and anti-inflammatory effects, nobiletin and tangeretin have been shown to attenuate cholinergic
deficits, reduce the abnormal accumulation of neurotoxic amyloid-beta peptides, reverse N-methyl-
D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor hypofunction, ameliorate ischemic injury, inhibit hyperphosphorylation
of tau protein, enhance neprilysin levels, modulate several signaling cascades, and protect against
1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+)) and 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)
toxicity. Taken together, these naturally occurring phytochemicals may represent beneficial drug candidates
for the treatment and prevention of Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease.
