Title:Mesenchymal Stem Cells of Dental Origin-Their Potential for Antiinflammatory and Regenerative Actions in Brain and Gut Damage
Volume: 14
Issue: 8
Author(s): Anna Földes, Kristóf Kádár, Beáta Kerémi, Ákos Zsembery, Klára Gyires, Zoltán S. Zádori and Gábor Varga
Affiliation:
Keywords:
Alzheimer’s disease, CNS damage, Crohn’s disease, dental, immunomodulation, inflammation, inflammatory
bowel disease, mesenchymal stem cells, multiple sclerosis, parkinson’s disease, regeneration, spinal cord injury, traumatic brain
injury, ulcerative colitis.
Abstract: Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, traumatic brain and spinal cord
injury and neuroinflammatory multiple sclerosis are diverse disorders of the central
nervous system. However, they are all characterized by various levels of inappropriate
inflammatory/immune response along with tissue destruction. In the gastrointestinal
system, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is also a consequence of tissue destruction
resulting from an uncontrolled inflammation. Interestingly, there are many similarities
in the immunopathomechanisms of these CNS disorders and the various forms of
IBD. Since it is very hard or impossible to cure them by conventional manner, novel
therapeutic approaches such as the use of mesenchymal stem cells, are needed.
Mesenchymal stem cells have already been isolated from various tissues including
the dental pulp and periodontal ligament. Such cells possess transdifferentiating
capabilities for different tissue specific cells to serve as new building blocks for regeneration. But more
importantly, they are also potent immunomodulators inhibiting proinflammatory processes and stimulating
anti-inflammatory mechanisms.
The present review was prepared to compare the immunopathomechanisms of the above mentioned
neurodegenerative, neurotraumatic and neuroinflammatory diseases with IBD. Additionally, we
considered the potential use of mesenchymal stem cells, especially those from dental origin to treat such
disorders. We conceive that such efforts will yield considerable advance in treatment options for central
and peripheral disorders related to inflammatory degeneration.
