Title:Metabolites of Dietary Protein and Peptides by Intestinal Microbes and their Impacts on Gut
Volume: 16
Issue: 7
Author(s): Peixin Fan, Linsen Li, Arash Rezaei, Shabnam Eslamfam, Dongsheng Che and Xi Ma
Affiliation:
Keywords:
Biogenic amines (BAs), gastrointestine, immunity, microbial metabolites, neurotransmitters, short chain fatty acids
(SCFAs).
Abstract: Dietary protein is a vital nutrient for humans and animals, which is primarily digested into
peptides and free amino acids (FAAs) in the upper gastrointestine with the help of proteases. The
products are absorbed by the enterocytes and are metabolized in different organs of body. Dietary protein,
peptides and FAAs that escape digestion and absorption of the small intestine will enter the large intestine for further
fermentation by the vast gut microbiota. Particularly, amino acid (AAs) metabolism by bacteria occurs via either deamination
or decarboxylation reactions and generates short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) or amines, respectively. These metabolites
elicit a wide range of biological functions via different receptors and mechanisms. This review discusses the interaction
between protein metabolites and gastrointestine, illustrates regulation of intestinal motility and immune response by
SCFAs and their receptors, and focuses on modulation of intestinal inflammation and signal transduction by biogenic
amines (BAs) involving polyamines and monoamine neurotransmitters.
