Title:Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors Extracted from Tobacco Smoke as Neuroprotective Factors for Potential Treatment of Parkinson`s Disease
Volume: 14
Issue: 6
Author(s): Youssef Sari and Ashraf Khalil
Affiliation:
Keywords:
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor, Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor, Monoamine oxidase-A inhibitor,
Monoamine oxidase-B inhibitor, Parkinson’s disease, tobacco smoke.
Abstract: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by the
loss of mainly the nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons, which leads to motor dysfunction.
Although, most of the drugs are currently used for symptomatic treatment, there are at least
three FDA-approved drugs for the treatment of PD that have been suggested preclinically
to have neuroprotective effects. Among these drugs are monoamine oxidase (MAO) type B inhibitors such as selegiline and
rasagiline, and non-ergot derivative dopamine agonist, pramipexole. In this review article, we focused on the potential uses of
non-selective reversible MAO inhibitor, 2,3,6-trimethyl-1,4-naphthoquinone, from flue-cured tobacco leaves extract and two β-
carboline alkaloids (harman and norharman) as potent, reversible and non-selective MAO inhibitors for the treatment of PD. In
addition, we discussed the potential uses of farnesol as a potent inhibitor of MAO-B and farnesylacetone as a less potent selective
MAO-B inhibitor. Furthermore, adducts of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline have shown to have competitive inhibitory effects for
both MAO-A and MAO-B. These inhibitors have potential neuroprotective effects, which might be mediated at least through
nerve growth factor, neurotrophin 3, brain derived neurotrophic factor, and glial-cell-line-derived neurotrophic factor. We
suggest here the neuroprotective implication of extracted MAO inhibitors from smoke tobacco; however, it is important to note
that there are several existing compounds in tobacco smoke that have toxic effects in the brain, these include and not limited to
the induction of neuropathological features observed in individuals suffering from Alzheimer’s disease and dementia.
