Title:Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV Inhibitors: A New Paradigm in Type 2 Diabetes Treatment
Volume: 15
Issue: 6
Author(s): Sridhara Janardhan and G. Narahari Sastry
Affiliation:
Keywords:
Activity and selectivity, DPP4, DPP8, DPP9, GIP, GLP-1, T2D.
Abstract: Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP4) is a promising target for the treatment of chronic metabolic type 2 diabetes
mellitus (T2D). DPP4 is a highly specific serine protease involved in the regulation and cleavage of two incretin hormones,
glucagon-like peptide (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP). These incretin hormones
are released by the gastrointestinal tract in response to ingestion of food and stimulate insulin secretion and thereby regulate
glucose homeostasis with a low risk of hypoglycemia and glucagon secretion. Currently different chemical classes of
DPP4 inhibitors are in last-stage of clinical trials and few of them such as sitagliptin, vildagliptin, saxagliptin alogliptin
and linagliptin have already been successfully released into market. These drugs have been approved as either monotherapy
or combination therapy with other oral hypoglycemic agents such as metformin, pioglitazone, sulfonylurea, glyburide
and glibenclamide for the treatment of T2D. Though several clinical trial compounds were discontinued because of severe
adverse toxic effects that are associated with other prolyldipeptidases include DPP8 and DPP9. The current review provides
an overview of DPP4 and its inhibitors with emphasis on the structure, expression, activity, selectivity and pharmacokinetics
information. This review further dwells upon the issues relating to the rational design and development of selective
DPP4 inhibitors for the treatment of T2D.
