Title:Targeted Radionuclide Therapy - An Overview
Volume: 6
Issue: 3
Author(s): Ashutosh Dash, F. F. (Russ) Knapp and M. R.A. Pillai
Affiliation:
Keywords:
Antibodies, Auger electron, cytotoxic, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), nanoparticles, non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma
(NHL), neuroendocrine tumors (NET), osteogenesis, peptides, phagocytosis, radioisotopes, radionuclides, radiosynovectomy,
somatostatin (SST) receptor.
Abstract: Radionuclide therapy (RNT) based on the concept of delivering cytotoxic levels of radiation to disease sites is one of the rapidly
growing fields of nuclear medicine. Unlike conventional external beam therapy, RNT targets diseases at the cellular level rather than
on a gross anatomical level. This concept is a blend of a tracer moiety that mediates a site specific accumulation followed by induction of
cytotoxicity with the short-range biological effectiveness of particulate radiations. Knowledge of the biochemical reactions taking place
at cellular levels has stimulated the development of sophisticated molecular carriers, catalyzing a shift towards using more specific targeting
radiolabelled agents. There is also improved understanding of factors of importance for choice of appropriate radionuclides based on
availability, the types of emissions, linear energy transfer (LET), and physical half-life. This article discusses the applications of radionuclide
therapy for treatment of cancer as well as other diseases. The primary objective of this review is to provide an overview on the role
of radionuclide therapy in the treatment of different diseases such as polycythaemia, thyroid malignancies, metastatic bone pain, radiation
synovectomy, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), neuroendocrine tumors (NETs), non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) and others. In addition,
recent developments on the systematic approach in designing treatment regimens as well as recent progress, challenges and future
perspectives are discussed. An examination of the progress of radionuclide therapy indicates that although a rapid stride has been made
for treating hematological tumors, the development for treating solid tumors has, so far, been limited. However, the emergence of novel
tumor-specific targeting agents coupled with successful characterization of new target structures would be expected to pave the way for
future treatment for such tumors.
