Title:Isolation and Quantitative Methods for Analysis of Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs
Volume: 11
Issue: 1
Author(s): Ana I. Olives, Victor Gonzalez-Ruiz and M. Antonia Martin
Affiliation:
Keywords:
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs analysis, gas chromatography, liquid chromatography, tandem mass spectrometry, sample clean-up, sample pre-treatment, environmentally-friendly pre-treatment, Prostaglandins, Liquid-Phase Microextraction, Cloud Point Extraction, SPE Sorbents, Polymer Sorbents, Ultrafiltration Tandem SPE, Solid Phase Microextraction, microextraction, Stir membrane liquid-liquid microextraction, Green Chemistry, mass spectrometry
Abstract: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are widespread employed in both human and animal health care to reduce
ongoing inflammation, pain and fever due to their anti-inflammatory, analgesic and, antipyretic actions. Apart from
the well-known biological samples, nowadays these compounds are frequently found in the environment, leading to longterm
exposure resulting in adverse effects on humans and wildlife. Therefore, it is important to develop analytical methodologies
to detect and control the presence of these pharmaceuticals in very different kinds of samples, from urine, serum
or plasma, to river and waste water, sediments or sewage sludge, most of them having very complex matrices. Other problems
to solve are the low concentration of the target analytes, the presence of a great number of potential interferences
and, sometimes, incompatibilities with the detection systems. Consequently, sample pre-treatment is a very important step
to take into account in the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs determination. Herein we reviewed the main extraction
and clean-up procedures reported in the literature for these substances: ultrasonic extraction, Soxhlet extraction, pressurized-
liquid extraction, supercritical fluid extraction, microwave-assisted extraction, dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction,
hollow fiber liquid phase microextraction, pressurized hot water extraction, solid-phase extraction, molecularly imprinted
solid-phase extraction and solid-phase microextraction. Several analytical methodologies have been developed to
quantify non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, including gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, liquid chromatography
with ultraviolet detection, diode array detection, fluorescence detection and tandem mass spectrometry.
