Title:Acute Tonsillitis
Volume: 12
Issue: 4
Author(s): Doug Sidell and Nina L. Shapiro
Affiliation:
Keywords:
Acute, infection, pediatric, tonsillitis, tonsillar tissues, palatine tonsils, Bacterial tonsillitis, Polymicrobial infections, viral pathogens, Penicillins, beta-lactamase, anatomic features, common pathologic process, anatomy
Abstract: Acute tonsillitis is an inflammatory process of the tonsillar tissues and is usually infectious in nature. Acute infections
of the palatine tonsils predominantly occur in school-aged children, but patients of any age may be affected. Tonsillitis
of viral origin is usually treated with supportive care. Bacterial tonsillitis is most commonly caused by Streptococcus
pyogenes. Polymicrobial infections and viral pathogens are also important sources of infection. Penicillins remain the
treatment of choice for S. pyogenes tonsillitis, and augmented aminopenicillins have gained utility in concert with the increasing
incidence of beta-lactamase producing bacteria. We describe the anatomic features and the immunologic function
of the palatine tonsils, including a detailed discussion of history and physical examination findings, treatment recommendations,
and possible complications of acute tonsillitis. Establishing an accurate diagnosis and initiating appropriate treatment
are key components of managing this common pathologic process.
