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当代阿耳茨海默病研究

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ISSN (Print): 1567-2050
ISSN (Online): 1875-5828

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Review Article

中枢胆碱能受体作为阿尔茨海默病治疗靶点的研究进展

卷 21, 期 1, 2024

发表于: 25 March, 2024

页: [50 - 68] 页: 19

弟呕挨: 10.2174/0115672050306008240321034006

价格: $65

Open Access Journals Promotions 2
摘要

乙酰胆碱(Acetylcholine, ACh)在神经系统中普遍存在，并参与多种脑功能的调节。乙酰胆碱通过调节突触传递和促进突触可塑性，特别是在海马和皮层，在学习和记忆的调节中起着关键作用。乙酰胆碱的这些前认知作用是由神经元毒蕈碱和烟碱能受体介导的。胆碱能传递障碍导致与衰老和痴呆相关的认知能力下降。因此，胆碱能系统一直是关注阿尔茨海默病(AD)的主要焦点，AD是痴呆症的最常见原因。在阿尔茨海默病中，胆碱能神经元的广泛破坏发生在淀粉样蛋白-β斑块和富含tau蛋白的神经原纤维缠结。淀粉样蛋白β也阻断胆碱能受体并阻断神经元信号传导。这使得中枢胆碱能系统成为阿尔茨海默病药物开发的重要靶点。事实上，中枢作用胆碱酯酶抑制剂如多奈哌齐和利瓦斯汀已被批准用于治疗阿尔茨海默病，尽管结果并不令人满意。因此，鉴定参与阿尔茨海默病发病的胆碱能受体的特定亚型对开发未来的药物至关重要。此外，对胆碱能系统内源性救援机制的识别可以为新药开发铺平道路。在本文中，我们讨论了中枢胆碱能系统的神经解剖学。此外，详细描述了参与AD认知和病理生理的各种毒蕈碱和烟碱受体亚型。本文还综述了通过调节基底前脑胆碱能投射神经元来调节认知过程的主要神经递质。

关键词: 乙酰胆碱，毒蕈碱受体，烟碱受体，学习记忆，认知，阿尔茨海默病。

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