Generic placeholder image

Current Diabetes Reviews

Editor-in-Chief

ISSN (Print): 1573-3998
ISSN (Online): 1875-6417

Review Article

Exploring the Potential Benefits of Bovine Colostrum Supplementation in the Management of Diabetes and its Complications: A Comprehensive Review

Author(s): Isha Chawla, Meenakshi Dhanawat, Manu Sharma and Sumeet Gupta*

Volume 21, Issue 2, 2025

Published on: 20 February, 2024

Article ID: e200224227161 Pages: 15

DOI: 10.2174/0115733998275676240202065952

Price: $65

Open Access Journals Promotions 2
Abstract

Diabetes is a metabolic illness marked by elevated levels of glucose in the bloodstream due to the inadequate production or use of insulin in the body. Diabetes can result in a range of consequences, with the most prevalent being cardiovascular disease, renal failure, vision loss, and limb removal. Natural compounds isolated from different sources, like colostrum, are the most important compounds for the treatment of diabetes. Colostrum is a form of lactation produced by mammals in the first days after giving birth to their offspring, having a rich source of constituents and showing multipharmacological properties.

This review was prepared on the basis of a variety of authoritative search databases, including Google Scholar, Scopus, and PubMed. In addition, the publications and other online sources were also included. In the literature search, the terms "colostrum," "diabetes," "uses," "management," "constituent," "composition," "alternative sources," "mechanism of action," "preclinical," "clinical," "marketed formulations," and "patents" were utilized as keywords and collected from last two decades.

Colostrum has been utilized as a treatment for a wide variety of illnesses due to its active constituents. A variety of colostrums are available in the market, like goat colostrum, porcine colostrum, sheep colostrum, human colostrum and many more. They have the full potential of nutrients like minerals, vitamins, lactose, essential enzymes, proteins and high concentrations of immunoproteins. Mostly, the colostrums are used for treating diabetes and its complications. Preclinical and clinical studies of metabolic syndrome, especially on diabetes and its complications, were also reported at the National and International levels, which evidently prove that the use of colostrums in the long term can be beneficial for various ailments associated with diabetes.

In general, the findings of this review indicate that supplementation with colostrum may hold promise as a novel therapeutic intervention for people who have diabetes and its complications; however, additional research is required to fully understand its mechanisms of action and determine the best possible dosage as well as the time period of supplementation.

Keywords: Colostrum, supplementation therapy, diabetes, renal failure, colostrum, lactoprotein.

[1]
Wheeler TT, Hodgkinson AJ, Prosser CG, Davis SR. Immune components of colostrum and milk--a historical perspective. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 2007; 12(4): 237-47.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10911-007-9051-7] [PMID: 17992474]
[2]
Thapa BR. Health factors in colostrum. Indian J Pediatr 2005; 72(7): 579-81.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02724182] [PMID: 16077241]
[3]
Godden S. Colostrum management for dairy calves. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract 2008; 24(1): 19-39.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cvfa.2007.10.005] [PMID: 18299030]
[4]
Faber SN, Faber NE, Mccauley TC, Ax RL. Case study: Effects of colostrum ingestion on lactational performance 1. Prof Anim Sci 2005; 21(5): 420-5.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.15232/S1080-7446(15)31240-7]
[5]
Agarwal P, Gupta R. A review on anticancer property of colostrum. Res. Rev.-. J Med Heal Sci 2016; 5: 1-9.
[6]
Olejník P. Variation of somatic cell counts in colostrum and milk of first and second lactation cows during ten days after calving. Vet Med 1994; 39(9): 519-32.
[PMID: 7975050]
[7]
Solomons NW. Modulation of the immune system and the response against pathogens with bovine colostrum concentrates. Eur J Clin Nutr 2002; 56(S3): S24-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601480] [PMID: 12142957]
[8]
Uruakpa FO, Ismond MAH, Akobundu ENT. Colostrum and its benefits: A review. Nutr Res 2002; 22(6): 755-67.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0271-5317(02)00373-1]
[9]
Dzik S, Miciński B, Aitzhanova I, et al. Properties of bovine colostrum and the possibilities of use. Pol Ann Med 2017; 24(2): 295-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.poamed.2017.03.004]
[10]
Kaducu FO, Okia SA, Upenytho G, Elfstrand L, Florén CH. Effect of bovine colostrum-based food supplement in the treatment of HIV-associated diarrhea in Northern Uganda: A randomized controlled trial. Indian J Gastroenterol 2011; 30(6): 270-6.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12664-011-0146-0] [PMID: 22161540]
[11]
Ahmadi M, Boldura O, Milovanov C, et al. Colostrum from different animal species–a product for health status enhancement. Bull Univ Agric Sci Vet Med Cluj-Napoca Anim Sci Biotechnol 2016; 73(1): 2016.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/buasvmcn-asb:11949]
[12]
Inoue R, Tsukahara T. Composition and physiological functions of the porcine colostrum. Anim Sci J 2021; 92(1): e13618.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/asj.13618] [PMID: 34409709]
[13]
Polidori P, Rapaccetti R, Klimanova Y, Zhang J-J, Santini G, Vincenzetti S. Nutritional parameters in colostrum of different mammalian species. Beverages 2022; 8(3): 54.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/beverages8030054]
[14]
Dhankhar S, Chauhan S, Mehta DK, et al. Novel targets for potential therapeutic use in diabetes mellitus. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2023; 15(1): 17.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13098-023-00983-5] [PMID: 36782201]
[15]
Forouhi NG, Wareham NJ. Epidemiology of diabetes. Medicine 2010; 38(11): 602-6.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mpmed.2010.08.007]
[16]
Ramachandran A, Wan Ma RC, Snehalatha C. Diabetes in Asia. Lancet 2010; 375(9712): 408-18.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(09)60937-5] [PMID: 19875164]
[17]
Chauhan S. Current approaches in healing of wounds in diabetes and diabetic foot ulcers. Curr Bioact Compd 2023; 19(3): 104-21.
[18]
van Dieren S, Beulens JW, van der Schouw YT, Grobbee DE, Neal B. The global burden of diabetes and its complications: An emerging pandemic. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil 2010; 17(1): S3-8.
[PMID: 20489418]
[19]
Chauhan S, Gupta S, Yasmin S, Saini M. Antihyperglycemic and antioxidant potential of plant extract of Litchi chinensis and glycine max. Int J Nutr Pharmacol Neurol Dis 2021; 11(3): 225-33.
[20]
Rahimi R, Nikfar S, Larijani B, Abdollahi M. A review on the role of antioxidants in the management of diabetes and its complications. Biomed Pharmacother 2005; 59(7): 365-73.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2005.07.002] [PMID: 16081237]
[21]
King GL. The role of inflammatory cytokines in diabetes and its complications. J Periodontol 2008; 79(8S): 1527-34.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1902/jop.2008.080246] [PMID: 18673007]
[22]
Cole JB, Florez JC. Genetics of diabetes mellitus and diabetes complications. Nat Rev Nephrol 2020; 16(7): 377-90.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41581-020-0278-5] [PMID: 32398868]
[23]
Bloomgarden ZT. Diabetes complications. Diabetes Care 2004; 27(6): 1506-14.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/diacare.27.6.1506] [PMID: 15161810]
[24]
Papatheodorou K. Complications of diabetes 2017. J Diabetes Res 2018; 2018: 3086167.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/3086167]
[25]
Papatheodorou K. Complications of diabetes 2016. J Diabetes Res 2016; 2016: 6989453.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/6989453]
[26]
Rich SS. Genetics of diabetes and its complications. J Am Soc Nephrol 2006; 17(2): 353-60.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1681/ASN.2005070770] [PMID: 16394110]
[27]
Skyler JS. Effects of glycemic control on diabetes complications and on the prevention of diabetes. Clin Diabetes 2004; 22(4): 162-6.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/diaclin.22.4.162]
[28]
Oates TW, Huynh-Ba G, Vargas A, Alexander P, Feine J. A critical review of diabetes, glycemic control, and dental implant therapy. Clin Oral Implants Res 2013; 24(2): 117-27.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0501.2011.02374.x] [PMID: 22111901]
[29]
Lustman PJ, Clouse RE. Depression in diabetic patients: The relationship between mood and glycemic control. J Diabetes Complications 2005; 19(2): 113-22.
[PMID: 15745842]
[30]
Friedberg CE, Janssen MJFM, Heine RJ, Grobbee DE. Fish oil and glycemic control in diabetes. A meta-analysis. Diabetes Care 1998; 21(4): 494-500.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/diacare.21.4.494] [PMID: 9571330]
[31]
Girach A, Manner D, Porta M. Diabetic microvascular complications: Can patients at risk be identified? A review. Int J Clin Pract 2006; 60(11): 1471-83.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1742-1241.2006.01175.x] [PMID: 17073842]
[32]
Clay T. Colostrum harvesting and type 1 diabetes. J Diabetes Nurs 2005; 9(3): 111-6.
[33]
Morgan CL, Currie CJ, Stott NCH, Smithers M, Butler CC, Peters JR. The prevalence of multiple diabetes‐related complications. Diabet Med 2000; 17(2): 146-51.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1464-5491.2000.00222.x] [PMID: 10746486]
[34]
Gregg EW, Hora I, Benoit SR. Resurgence in diabetes-related complications. JAMA 2019; 321(19): 1867-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.2019.3471] [PMID: 30985875]
[35]
Diamond J. The double puzzle of diabetes. Nature 2003; 423(6940): 599-602.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/423599a] [PMID: 12789325]
[36]
Ulbrecht JS, Cavanagh PR, Caputo GM. Foot problems in diabetes: An overview. Clin Infect Dis 2004; 39(S2): S73-82.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/383266] [PMID: 15306983]
[37]
Kong APS, Xu G, Brown N, So WY, Ma RCW, Chan JCN. Diabetes and its comorbidities—where East meets West. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2013; 9(9): 537-47.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrendo.2013.102] [PMID: 23712250]
[38]
Deshpande AD, Harris-Hayes M, Schootman M. Epidemiology of diabetes and diabetes-related complications. Phys Ther 2008; 88(11): 1254-64.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2522/ptj.20080020] [PMID: 18801858]
[39]
Nentwich MM, Ulbig MW. Diabetic retinopathy - ocular complications of diabetes mellitus. World J Diabetes 2015; 6(3): 489-99.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4239/wjd.v6.i3.489] [PMID: 25897358]
[40]
Vinik AI, Nevoret ML, Casellini C, Parson H. Diabetic neuropathy. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 2013; 42(4): 747-87.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecl.2013.06.001] [PMID: 24286949]
[41]
Jay D, Hitomi H, Griendling KK. Oxidative stress and diabetic cardiovascular complications. Free Radic Biol Med 2006; 40(2): 183-92.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2005.06.018] [PMID: 16413400]
[42]
Morceli G, França EL, Magalhães VB, Damasceno DC, Calderon IMP, Honorio-França AC. Diabetes induced immunological and biochemical changes in human colostrum. Acta Paediatr 2011; 100(4): 550-6.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1651-2227.2010.02070.x] [PMID: 20969623]
[43]
Gomes FDL, França EL, da Silva Fernandes RT, et al. Changes in T-cell phenotype and cytokines profile in maternal blood, cord blood and colostrum of diabetic mothers. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2016; 29(6): 998-1004.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/14767058.2015.1031739] [PMID: 25812676]
[44]
Kim JH, Jung WS, Choi NJ, Kim DO, Shin DH, Kim YJ. Health-promoting effects of bovine colostrum in Type 2 diabetic patients can reduce blood glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride and ketones. J Nutr Biochem 2009; 20(4): 298-303.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jnutbio.2008.04.002] [PMID: 18602824]
[45]
Zhang L, Zhang J, Han B, et al. Gestational diabetes mellitus-induced changes in proteomes and glycated/glycosylated proteomes of human colostrum. J Agric Food Chem 2021; 69(36): 10749-59.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.1c03791] [PMID: 34474557]
[46]
Kim YJ. Immunomodulatory effects of human colostrum and milk. Pediatr Gastroenterol Hepatol Nutr 2021; 24(4): 337-45.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.5223/pghn.2021.24.4.337] [PMID: 34316468]
[47]
Biswas P, Vecchi A, Mantegani P, Mantelli B, Fortis C, Lazzarin A. Immunomodulatory effects of bovine colostrum in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. New Microbiol 2007; 30(4): 447-54.
[PMID: 18080681]
[48]
Hagiwara K, Kataoka S, Yamanaka H, Kirisawa R, Iwai H. Detection of cytokines in bovine colostrum. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2000; 76(3-4): 183-90.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0165-2427(00)00213-0] [PMID: 11044552]
[49]
Maritim AC, Sanders RA, Watkins JB III. Diabetes, oxidative stress, and antioxidants: A review. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2003; 17(1): 24-38.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbt.10058] [PMID: 12616644]
[50]
Sienkiewicz M, Szymańska P, Fichna J. Supplementation of bovine colostrum in inflammatory bowel disease: Benefits and contraindications. Adv Nutr 2021; 12(2): 533-45.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/advances/nmaa120] [PMID: 33070186]
[51]
Chandwe K, Kelly P. Colostrum therapy for human gastrointestinal health and disease. Nutrients 2021; 13(6): 1956.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13061956] [PMID: 34200282]
[52]
Davison G. The use of bovine colostrum in sport and exercise. Nutrients 2021; 13(6): 1789.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13061789] [PMID: 34073917]
[53]
Ballard FJ, Nield MK, Francis GL, Dahlenburg GW, Wallace JC. The relationship between the insulin content and inhibitory effects of bovine colostrum on protein breakdown in cultured cells. J Cell Physiol 1982; 110(3): 249-54.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041100305] [PMID: 7045139]
[54]
Wang L, Shi Z, Jia Z, Su B, Shi B, Shan A. The effects of dietary supplementation with chromium picolinate throughout gestation on productive performance, Cr concentration, serum parameters, and colostrum composition in sows. Biol Trace Elem Res 2013; 154(1): 55-61.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12011-013-9699-3] [PMID: 23686530]
[55]
Kesser J, Hill M, Heinz JFL, et al. The rapid increase of circulating adiponectin in neonatal calves depends on colostrum intake. J Dairy Sci 2015; 98(10): 7044-51.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3168/jds.2015-9726] [PMID: 26277307]
[56]
Agrawal RP, Saran S, Sharma P, Gupta RP, Kochar DK, Sahani MS. Effect of camel milk on residual β-cell function in recent onset type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2007; 77(3): 494-5.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2007.01.012] [PMID: 17320238]
[57]
Mullaicharam A. A review on medicinal properties of camel milk. World J Pharm Sci 2014; 2(3): 210-58.
[58]
Przybylska J, Albera E, Kankofer M. Antioxidants in bovine colostrum. Reprod Domest Anim 2007; 42(4): 402-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0531.2006.00799.x] [PMID: 17635778]
[59]
Zarban A, Taheri F, Chahkandi T, Sharifzadeh G, Khorashadizadeh M. Antioxidant and radical scavenging activity of human colostrum, transitional and mature milk. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2009; 45(2): 150-4.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3164/jcbn.08-233] [PMID: 19794922]
[60]
Buescher ES, McIlheran SM. Colostral antioxidants. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 1992; 14(1): 47-56.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1536-4801.1992.tb10490.x] [PMID: 1573513]
[61]
Kehoe SI, Jayarao BM, Heinrichs AJ. A survey of bovine colostrum composition and colostrum management practices on Pennsylvania dairy farms. J Dairy Sci 2007; 90(9): 4108-16.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3168/jds.2007-0040] [PMID: 17699028]
[62]
McGrath BA, Fox PF, McSweeney PLH, Kelly AL. Composition and properties of bovine colostrum: A review. Dairy Sci Technol 2016; 96(2): 133-58.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13594-015-0258-x]
[63]
Macy IG. Composition of human colostrum and milk. AMA Am J Dis Child 1949; 78(4): 589-603.
[PMID: 18141078]
[64]
Playford RJ, Macdonald CE, Johnson WS. Colostrum and milk-derived peptide growth factors for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders. Am J Clin Nutr 2000; 72(1): 5-14.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/72.1.5] [PMID: 10871554]
[65]
Kessler EC, Bruckmaier RM, Gross JJ. Immunoglobulin G content and colostrum composition of different goat and sheep breeds in Switzerland and Germany. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102(6): 5542-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3168/jds.2018-16235] [PMID: 30904298]
[66]
Kessler EC, Bruckmaier RM, Gross JJ. Colostrum composition and immunoglobulin G content in dairy and dual-purpose cattle breeds. J Anim Sci 2020; 98(8): skaa237.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaa237] [PMID: 32697841]
[67]
Borad SG, Singh AK. Colostrum immunoglobulins: Processing, preservation and application aspects. Int Dairy J 2018; 85: 201-10.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.idairyj.2018.05.016]
[68]
Guthrie A. Introductory nutrition, times mirror. Mosby College Publisher 1989.
[69]
Stelwagen K, Carpenter E, Haigh B, Hodgkinson A, Wheeler TT. Immune components of bovine colostrum and milk1. J Anim Sci 2009; 87(S13): 3-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2527/jas.2008-1377] [PMID: 18952725]
[70]
Norcross NL. Secretion and composition of colostrum and milk. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1982; 181(10): 1057-60.
[PMID: 6816773]
[71]
Mir MA, Sharma H, Singh J. Applications and future prospects of colostrum. Ann Rom Soc Cell Biol 2021; 25(3): 4537-48.
[72]
Besser TE, Gay CC. The importance of colostrum to the health of the neonatal calf. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract 1994; 10(1): 107-17.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0749-0720(15)30591-0] [PMID: 8199914]
[73]
Hue DT, Skirving R, Chen T, Williams JL, Bottema CDK, Petrovski K. Colostrum source and passive immunity transfer in dairy bull calves. J Dairy Sci 2021; 104(7): 8164-76.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3168/jds.2020-19318] [PMID: 33865574]
[74]
Guthrie HA. Introductory nutrition, times mirror. Mosby College Publisher 1989.
[75]
Hurley WL, Theil PK. Perspectives on immunoglobulins in colostrum and milk. Nutrients 2011; 3(4): 442-74.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu3040442] [PMID: 22254105]
[76]
Brecchia G, Traina G, Tomasello G, et al. Potential benefits of colostrum in gastrointestinal diseases. Front Biosci 2016; 8(2): 331-51.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2741/s467] [PMID: 27100711]
[77]
Shori AB. Camel milk as a potential therapy for controlling diabetes and its complications: A review of in vivo studies. Yao Wu Shi Pin Fen Xi 2015; 23(4): 609-18.
[PMID: 28911476]
[78]
Oseguera-Toledo ME, González de Mejía E, Reynoso-Camacho R, Cardador-Martínez A, Amaya-Llano SL. Proteins and bioactive peptides. Nutrafoods 2014; 13(4): 147-57.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13749-014-0052-z]
[79]
Pan D, Liu H. Preventive effect of ordinary and hyperimmune bovine colostrums on mice diabetes induced by alloxan. Afr J Biotechnol 2008; 7(24)
[80]
Matsumoto M, Inoue R, Tsuruta T, Hara H, Yajima T. Long-term oral administration of cows’ milk improves insulin sensitivity in rats fed a high-sucrose diet. Br J Nutr 2009; 102(9): 1324-33.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0007114509990365] [PMID: 19566967]
[81]
Ejtahed HS, Niasari Naslaji A, Mirmiran P, et al. Effect of camel milk on blood sugar and lipid profile of patients with type 2 diabetes: A pilot clinical trial. Int J Endocrinol Metab 2015; 13(1): e21160.
[PMID: 25745496]
[82]
Hwang KA, Hwang YJ, Ha W, Choo YK, Ko K. Oral administration of insulin-like growth factor-I from colostral whey reduces blood glucose in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. Br J Nutr 2012; 108(1): 39-45.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0007114511005198] [PMID: 22018138]
[83]
Guaragna MA, Albanesi M, Stefani S, et al. The effectiveness of oral goat colostrum in the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: Our preliminary experience. Clin Ter 2013; 164(2): 111-4.
[PMID: 23698202]
[84]
Quigley JD, Strohbehn RE, Kost CJ, O’Brien MM. Formulation of colostrum supplements, colostrum replacers and acquisition of passive immunity in neonatal calves. J Dairy Sci 2001; 84(9): 2059-65.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(01)74650-4] [PMID: 11573786]
[85]
Bond C. Evaluation of lamb colostrum supplements. Vet Rec 2020; 187(11): e100.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vr.105763] [PMID: 32994358]
[86]
Otto W, Najnigier B, Stelmasiak T, Robins-Browne RM. Randomized control trials using a tablet formulation of hyperimmune bovine colostrum to prevent diarrhea caused by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli in volunteers. Scand J Gastroenterol 2011; 46(7-8): 862-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00365521.2011.574726] [PMID: 21526980]
[87]
Sydney ACN. Colostrum new insights: Products and processes. Current Developments in Biotechnology and Bioengineering. Elsevier 2022; pp. 397-422.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-823506-5.00003-5]
[88]
Laskowska E, Jarosz Ł, Grądzki Z. Effect of multi-microbial probiotic formulation bokashi on pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokines profile in the serum, colostrum and milk of sows, and in a culture of polymorphonuclear cells isolated from colostrum. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2019; 11(1): 220-32.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12602-017-9380-9] [PMID: 29305686]
[89]
Baruchel S. Nutriceutical modulation of glutathione with a humanized native milk serum protein isolate, IMMUNOCAL™: Application in AIDS and cancer: IMMUNOCAL™, inOxidative Stress in Cancer, AIDS, and Neurodegenerative Diseases. CRC Press 1997; pp. 463-78.
[90]
Scammell A. Production and uses of colostrum. Aust J Dairy Technol 2001; 56(2): 74.
[91]
Triantafillidis JK, Tzouvala M, Triantafyllidi E. Enteral nutrition supplemented with transforming growth factor-β, colostrum, probiotics, and other nutritional compounds in the treatment of patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Nutrients 2020; 12(4): 1048.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12041048] [PMID: 32290232]
[92]
Saad K, Abo-Elela MGM, El-Baseer KAA, et al. Effects of bovine colostrum on recurrent respiratory tract infections and diarrhea in children. Medicine 2016; 95(37): e4560.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000004560] [PMID: 27631207]
[93]
Bagwe S, Tharappel LJP, Kaur G, Buttar HS. Bovine colostrum: An emerging nutraceutical. J Complement Integr Med 2015; 12(3): 175-85.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jcim-2014-0039] [PMID: 25781716]
[94]
Grapov D, Lemay DG, Weber D, et al. The human colostrum whey proteome is altered in gestational diabetes mellitus. J Proteome Res 2015; 14(1): 512-20.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/pr500818d] [PMID: 25338220]
[95]
Gupta S, Burman S, Nair AB, et al. Brassica oleracea extracts prevent hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2022; 27(1): 50-62.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3746/pnf.2022.27.1.50] [PMID: 35465108]
[96]
Buckley JD, Scammell A. Does a diet of colostrum improve athletic performance? Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2000; 13: 312-5.
[97]
Puppel K, Gołębiewski M, Grodkowski G, et al. Composition and factors affecting quality of bovine colostrum: A review. Animals 2019; 9(12): 1070.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani9121070] [PMID: 31810335]
[98]
Kelly GS. Bovine colostrums: A review of clinical uses. Altern Med Rev 2003; 8(4): 378-94.
[PMID: 14653766]
[99]
Silva EGSO, Rangel AHN, Mürmam L, Bezerra MF, Oliveira JPF. Bovine colostrum: Benefits of its use in human food. Food Sci Technol 2019; 39(S2): 355-62.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/fst.14619]
[100]
Rathe M, Müller K, Sangild PT, Husby S. Clinical applications of bovine colostrum therapy: A systematic review. Nutr Rev 2014; 72(4): 237-54.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/nure.12089] [PMID: 24571383]
[101]
Bardellini E, Amadori F, Majorana A. Oral hygiene grade and quality of life in children with chemotherapy‐related oral mucositis: A randomized study on the impact of a fluoride toothpaste with salivary enzymes, essential oils, proteins and colostrum extract versus a fluoride toothpaste without menthol. Int J Dent Hyg 2016; 14(4): 314-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/idh.12226] [PMID: 27160933]
[102]
Çelebi̇ A, Dörtbudak MB, Keskinrüzgar A, Yüksel H. The therapeutic effect of bovine colostrum on 5-Fluorouracil-Induced oral mucositis in rats. J Stomatol Oral Maxillofac Surg 2022; 123(6): e682-6.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jormas.2022.05.010] [PMID: 35545194]
[103]
Luyt D, Ball H, Makwana N, et al. BSACI guideline for the diagnosis and management of cow’s milk allergy. Clin Exp Allergy 2014; 44(5): 642-72.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cea.12302] [PMID: 24588904]
[104]
Skripak JM, Matsui EC, Mudd K, Wood RA. The natural history of IgE-mediated cow’s milk allergy. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2007; 120(5): 1172-7.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2007.08.023] [PMID: 17935766]

Rights & Permissions Print Cite
© 2024 Bentham Science Publishers | Privacy Policy