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Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry

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ISSN (Print): 1568-0266
ISSN (Online): 1873-4294

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Review Article

Neurobiochemical Disturbances in Psychosis and their Implications for Therapeutic Intervention

Author(s): Georgi Panov* and Presyana Panova

Volume 24, Issue 20, 2024

Published on: 23 January, 2024

Page: [1784 - 1798] Pages: 15

DOI: 10.2174/0115680266282773240116073618

Price: $65

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Abstract

Psychosis, marked by the emergence of psychotic symptoms, delves into the intricate dance of neurotransmitter dynamics, prominently featuring dopamine as a key orchestrator. In individuals living with psychotic conditions, the finely tuned balance of dopamine becomes disrupted, setting off a cascade of perceptual distortions and the manifestation of psychotic symptoms. A lot of factors can impact dopamine metabolism, further complicating its effects. From genetic predispositions to environmental stressors and inflammation, the delicate equilibrium is susceptible to various influences. The sensorium, the origin of incoming information, loses its intrinsic valence in this complex interplay. The concept of the “signal-to-noise ratio” encapsulates dopamine's role as a molecular switch in neural networks, influencing the flow of information serving the basic biological functions. This nuanced modulation acts as a cognitive prism, shaping how the world is perceived. However, in psychosis, this balance is disrupted, steering individuals away from a shared reality. Understanding dopamine's centrality requires acknowledging its unique status among neurotransmitters. Unlike strictly excitatory or inhibitory counterparts, dopamine's versatility allows it to toggle between roles and act as a cognitive director in the neural orchestra. Disruptions in dopamine synthesis, exchange, and receptor representation set off a chain reaction, impacting the delivery of biologically crucial information. The essence of psychosis is intricately woven into the delicate biochemical ballet choreographed by dopamine. The disruption of this neurotransmitter not only distorts reality but fundamentally reshapes the cognitive and behavioral field of our experience. Recognizing dopamine's role as a cognitive prism provides vital insights into the multifaceted nature of psychotic conditions, offering avenues for targeted therapeutic interventions aimed at restoring this delicate neurotransmitter balance.

Keywords: Schizophrenia, Psychosis, Dopaminе, Hypersensitivity psychosis, Dopamine D2 high receptor, Dopamine D2 low receptor, Neuromediation, Excitation.

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