Title:An Overview of Nanotechnological Approaches for the Diagnosis and
Treatment of Allergic Illness
Volume: 29
Issue: 26
Author(s): Bhupendra Sharma and Rohitas Deshmukh*
Affiliation:
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, India
Keywords:
Nanostructures, diagnostic tests, immunotherapy, dendrimers, cellular therapy, allergy treatment, dendritic cells.
Abstract: Allergies are a major health issue. Allergen avoidance, antihistamines, and corticosteroids do not
treat the pathology's causes, therefore long-term therapy is essential. Long-term allergen-specific immunotherapy
builds immune tolerance to the allergen. Unfortunately, immunotherapies for all allergens are not available,
and adverse reactions during therapy, especially in severely allergic persons, remain a worry. In this regard, cell
and bio- or nanomaterial-based allergy treatments are promising. This overview covers the most important tactics
from these two strategies with examples. Nanotechnology encompasses science, engineering, and technology
at 1-100 nm. Due to their one-of-a-kind characteristics, nanomaterials can be used in healthcare. Small
molecules' chemical and physical properties are modified by the system's size, shape, content, and function.
Toxicity and hypersensitivity reactions need to be evaluated. Regulating the physico-chemical properties of numerous
accessible structures would make clinical diagnosis and therapy safer and more successful. Dendrimeric
antigens, nanoallergens, and nanoparticles can mimic carrier proteins, boost specific IgE binding, and improve
signal detection in allergy diagnosis. In immunotherapy, several allergenic structures like glycodendrimers,
liposomes, polymers, and nanoparticles have been used as adjuvants, protectors, or depots for allergens.
Nanotechnology has the potential to substantially improve both the diagnosis and treatment of allergies.
