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CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets

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ISSN (Online): 1996-3181

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Review Article

Prevention of Parkinson’s Disease: From Risk Factors to Early Interventions

Author(s): Ming Guan Ng, Brendan Jun Lam Chan, Rhun Yian Koh, Khuen Yen Ng and Soi Moi Chye*

Volume 23, Issue 6, 2024

Published on: 07 July, 2023

Page: [746 - 760] Pages: 15

DOI: 10.2174/1871527322666230616092054

Price: $65

Abstract

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a debilitating neurological disorder characterized by progressively worsening motor dysfunction. Currently, available therapies merely alleviate symptoms, and there are no cures. Consequently, some researchers have now shifted their attention to identifying the modifiable risk factors of PD, with the intention of possibly implementing early interventions to prevent the development of PD. Four primary risk factors for PD are discussed including environmental factors (pesticides and heavy metals), lifestyle (physical activity and dietary intake), drug abuse, and individual comorbidities. Additionally, clinical biomarkers, neuroimaging, biochemical biomarkers, and genetic biomarkers could also help to detect prodromal PD. This review compiled available evidence that illustrates the relationship between modifiable risk factors, biomarkers, and PD. In summary, we raise the distinct possibility of preventing PD via early interventions of the modifiable risk factors and early diagnosis.

Keywords: Parkinson’s disease, prevention, modifiable risk factors, early interventions, early diagnosis, Alzheimer’s disease, hypothalamus.

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Graphical Abstract

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