Title:MicroRNAs Improve Cancer Treatment Outcomes Through Personalized Medicine
Volume: 12
Issue: 2
Author(s): Saeid Hatam*
Affiliation:
- Department of Innovation and Industry, Science and Technology Park of Fars, ExirBitanic Co., Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Health and Wellbeing, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Department of Biological Sciences, Azad University, Zarghan Branch, Shiraz, Iran
Keywords:
MicroRNAs, biomarkers, drug response, COVID-19, cancer treatment, oncogenes.
Abstract: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNAs that repress or degrade mRNA targets
to downregulate genes. In cancer occurrence, the expression of miRNAs is altered. Depending
on the involvement of a certain miRNA in the pathogenetic growth of a tumor, It may be up or
downregulated. The “oncogenic” action of miRNAs corresponds with upregulation, which leads to
tumor proliferation and spread meanwhile the miRNAs that have been downregulated bring tumorsuppressive
outcomes. Oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes are among the genes whose expression
is under their control, demonstrating that classifying them solely as oncogenes or tumor suppressor
genes alone is not only hindering but also incorrect. Apart from basic tumors, miRNAs may
be found in nearly all human fluids and can be used for cancer diagnosis as well as clinical outcome
prognostics and better response to treatment strategies. The overall variance of these tiny noncoding
RNAs influences patient-specific pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of anti-cancer
medicines, driving a growing demand for personalized medicine. By now, microRNAs from tumor
biopsies or blood are being widely investigated as substantial biomarkers for cancer in time diagnosis,
prognosis, and, progression. With the rise of COVID-19, this paper also attempts to study recent
research on miRNAs involved with deaths in lung cancer COVID patients. With the discovery of
single nucleotide polymorphisms, personalized treatment via microRNAs has lately become a reality.
The present review article describes the highlights of recent knowledge of miRNAs in various
cancers, with a focus on miRNA translational applications as innovative potential diagnostic and
prognostic indicators that expand person-to-person therapy options.
