Title:Production Technology and Functionality of Bioactive Peptides
Volume: 29
Issue: 9
Author(s): Qingmei Wen, Lei Zhang, Feng Zhao, Yilu Chen, Yi Su, Xiaochun Zhang, Pu Chen*Tao Zheng*
Affiliation:
- Business Department, University
of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L3G1, Canada
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
Keywords:
Bioactive peptide, biosynthesis, microbial fermentation, chemosynthesis, purification and identification, functionality, biomedicine.
Abstract: Bioactive peptides are specific protein fragments that prove health-promoting potential for humans.
The bioactivities include antimicrobial, antioxidant, anticancer, immunomodulatory activities, etc. Hence, bioactive
peptides’ production technology and processes have attracted excessive attention, especially concerning
peptides’ synthesis, separation, identification, and functionality. This review summarizes the relevant investigations
from the above four aspects. Among the production technology of bioactive peptides, biosynthesis, chemosynthesis,
technology for separation and purification, and the interactions responsible for peptide-based
nanostructures are emphasized. Here, the biosynthesis of peptides includes enzymatic hydrolysis, microbial fermentation,
and recombinant DNA technology, and chemosynthesis consists of solution-phase peptide synthesis
and solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS). The commonly used enzymes in enzymatic hydrolysis are investigated,
including pepsin, trypsin, and alcalase. The commonly used microorganisms, typical processes, protein
sources, and advantages of microbial fermentation are analyzed. Membrane separation (including ultrafiltration
and nanofiltration), chromatography technology (including ion-exchange chromatography, gel filtration chromatography,
affinity chromatography, and reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC)),
and electrophoresis technology are detailed for the purification technology. Mass spectrometry (MS), its combination
with the high-performance separation method, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) are elucidated for
the identification technology. The non-covalent interactions responsible for peptide-based nanostructures involve
electrostatic force, hydrogen bonds, π-π stacking, hydrophobic interaction, and van der Waals force. Afterward,
we detail the peptides’ antihypertensive, antithrombotic, anticancer, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory
activities. The activity analysis mainly involves peptides’ sources, structural features, mechanisms
of action, and influencing factors. Based on the production and functionality elucidation, potential challenges
for peptide application in biomedicine are given. The challenge is analyzed from the aspects of purification
and identification technologies and influencing factors of peptides’ bioactivities. Our work will elaborate
on advances in the production technology of peptides and their bioactivities, which could promote and expand
their industrial applications.
