Title:The Interrelation between Oxidative Stress, Depression and Inflammation
through the Kynurenine Pathway
Volume: 23
Issue: 6
Author(s): Hande Sipahi*, Ayse Feruze Mat, Yagmur Ozhan and Ahmet Aydin
Affiliation:
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yeditepe University, 34755, Istanbul, Turkey
Keywords:
Depression, Oxidative stress, Inflammation, Pro-inflammatory cytokines, Kynurenine pathway, KYN/TRP ratio, Obesity, Anti-inflammatory agents.
Abstract: The prevalence of depression has increased dramatically over the past few decades. Although
depression is categorized as a brain disorder, its symptomatology includes some behaviors
that also occur during chronic inflammatory stress. According to research, cytokine production and
immune system activation may have a role in depression, so this relationship has received much attention.
Moreover, there is a bidirectional relationship between oxidative stress and inflammation.
Oxidative stress plays a pathogenic role in chronic inflammatory diseases; depressive disorder is being
suggested as one of them. Recent research using several oxidative stress indicators demonstrates
that antioxidant defenses are diminished and oxidative stress is elevated in depression. Another cytokine-
related mechanism widely known for its association with inflammatory illnesses is the
kynurenine pathway (KP). KP is responsible for maintaining the balance between neuroprotective
and neurogenerative processes in the brain. Therefore, KP plays a role in the pathophysiology of
depression. It is thought to impact neurological processes that stem the depression, making it one of
the mainstays in explaining oxidative stress-depression-inflammation interrelation. The mechanism
is thought to be driven by increasing the expression of proinflammatory cytokines, IDO, and thus
the KYN/TRP ratio. This review aims to evaluate the relationship between oxidative stress, depression,
and inflammation through the kynurenine pathway through the current studies in the literature.
