Title:Bacteriophages Concept and Applications: A Review on Phage Therapy
Volume: 24
Issue: 10
Author(s): Rasti Sahu, Ankit Kumar Singh, Adarsh Kumar, Kuldeep Singh*Pradeep Kumar*
Affiliation:
- National Institute of Malaria Research Field Unit Guwahati, 781022 (Assam), India
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151401,
India
Keywords:
Bacteriophage, biofilms, bacteria, phage, lysogenic, lytic.
Abstract:
The nature of phages was a matter of dispute, which was resolved in 1940, and it was
continued to develop their activity and application in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe. Bacteriophages
were first employed in 1919 to treat bacterial illnesses caused by Citrobacter, Enterobacter,
and Pseudomonas.
Bacteriophages range in complexity from simple spherical viruses with genome sizes of less than 5 kbp to
complicated viruses with genome sizes surpassing 280 kbp. They have two significant parts, head and tail,
and are made up of numerous copies of more than 40 distinct proteins. Bacteriophages have been demonstrated
to bind with receptors in the walls of both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, ranging from
peptide sequences to polysaccharide moieties. Depending on the type of phage and the physiological state
of the bacterium, the life cycle may diverge into the lytic cycle or lysogenic cycle. Lytic-lysogenic switch
depends on a variety of inducing factors.
Bacteriophage therapy can be administered via several routes, but parenteral routes are the most effective.
Auto-dosing, single-dose potential, lack of cross-resistance with antibiotics, etc., are several advantages
of phage therapy over antibiotic treatment. Bacteriophages are attracting much attention because
of their potential advantages and wide applications as antibacterial agents, diagnostic technologies,
phage-based products, and biocontrol agents. They also have several applications in the food
industry, agriculture/crop, farm animal and bee protection, environmental, and biosensor development.
