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Current Neuropharmacology

Editor-in-Chief

ISSN (Print): 1570-159X
ISSN (Online): 1875-6190

Review Article

Relationship Between Gut Bacteria and Levodopa Metabolism

Author(s): Kaifei Xu, Shuo Sheng and Feng Zhang*

Volume 21, Issue 7, 2023

Published on: 14 November, 2022

Page: [1536 - 1547] Pages: 12

DOI: 10.2174/1570159X21666221019115716

Price: $65

Open Access Journals Promotions 2
Abstract

Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases, characterized by the reduction of dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra. Levodopa, as a dopamine supplement, is the gold-standard therapeutic drug for PD. The metabolism of levodopa in the periphery not only decreases its bioavailability but also affects its efficacy. Thus, it is necessary to investigate how levodopa is metabolized. A growing number of studies have shown that intestinal bacteria, such as Enterococcus faecalis, Eggerthella lenta and Clostridium sporogenes, could metabolize levodopa in different ways. In addition, several pathways to reduce levodopa metabolism by gut microbiota were confirmed to improve levodopa efficacy. These pathways include aromatic amino acid decarboxylase (AADC) inhibitors, antibiotics, pH and (S)-α-fluoromethyltyrosine (AFMT). In this review, we have summarized the metabolic process of levodopa by intestinal bacteria and analyzed potential approaches to reduce the metabolism of levodopa by gut microbiota, thus improving the efficacy of levodopa.

Keywords: Parkinson's disease, levodopa metabolism, gut bacteria, therapeutic efficacy, Enterococcus faecalis, Eggerthella lenta, Clostridium sporogenes.

Graphical Abstract
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