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Review Article

纳米颗粒介导的基因治疗:对抗中枢神经系统疾病的先驱性武器

卷 30, 期 3, 2023

发表于: 14 March, 2022

页: [304 - 315] 页: 12

弟呕挨: 10.2174/0929867329666220105122318

价格: $65

摘要

中枢神经系统(CNS)疾病对人口，尤其是老年人造成了巨大的社会经济负担。这些疾病的主要症状是由遗传基因突变或损伤、环境因素和疾病相关事件引起的遗传和表观遗传变化引起的神经退行性变、神经炎症和认知功能障碍。目前对中枢神经系统疾病的临床治疗，如阿尔茨海默病、帕金森病、中风和脑肿瘤，有明显的副作用，在很大程度上无法阻止临床进展。因此，基因治疗在这些疾病的治疗中展现了一种新的范式，从抑制内源性基因到表达外源性基因。病毒载体和非病毒载体都常用于基因治疗。病毒载体非常有效，但伴随严重的副作用，如免疫原性和致癌性，以及较差的靶细胞特异性。因此，非病毒载体，主要是纳米治疗药物，如纳米颗粒(NPs)，在基因治疗中成为一种现实的方法，可以获得更高的疗效。NPs为药物治疗提供了一种新的途径，可以将药物或基因传递到它们的选择性细胞或组织，从而为目标组织提供集中和持续的药物传递，最大限度地减少全身毒性和副作用。本文将重点介绍NPs在介导基因治疗中枢神经系统疾病中的作用。此外，还将总结NPs在基因治疗中的挑战和前景。

关键词: 基因疗法，纳米颗粒，帕金森病，阿尔茨海默病，中风，脑瘤。

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