Login Register Cart 0
Generic placeholder image

Current Vascular Pharmacology

Editor-in-Chief

ISSN (Print): 1570-1611
ISSN (Online): 1875-6212

Back
Journal Home About Journal Editorial Board Journal Insight Current Issue Volumes/Issues
Subscribe
Review Article

The Fundamental Role of Stress Echo in Evaluating Coronary Artery Disease in Specific Patient Populations

Author(s): Leonidas Raftopoulos*, Constantina Aggeli, Yannis Dimitroglou, Vasiliki Kakiouzi, Dimitrios Tsartsalis, Dimitrios Patsourakos and Costas Tsioufis

Volume 20, Issue 2, 2022

Published on: 20 January, 2022

Page: [156 - 167] Pages: 12

DOI: 10.2174/1570161120666211220104156

Price: $65

Open Access Journals Promotions 2
Abstract

Stress echocardiography (SE) was initially used for assessing patients with known or suspected coronary heart disease by detecting and evaluating myocardial ischemia and viability. The implementation of SE has gradually been extended to several cardiovascular diseases beyond coronary artery disease, and SE protocols have been modified and adapted for the detection of coronary artery disease (CAD) or other cardiovascular diseases in specific patient populations. This review attempts to summarize current data concerning SE implementation and clinical value in these specific and diverse populations: patients with an intramural course of a coronary artery, known as a myocardial bridge, chronic severe or end-stage hepatic disease, chronic severe or end-stage kidney disease, cardiac allograft vasculopathy, patients scheduled for solid-organ transplantation and other intermediate and high-risk surgery and, finally, patients treated with anticancer drugs or radiotherapy.

Keywords: Stress echocardiography, myocardial bridge, cirrhosis, chronic kidney disease, cardiac allograft vasculopathy, noncardiac surgery, cancer therapy.

« Previous Next »
Graphical Abstract

[1]
Cano Carrizal R, Casanova Rodríguez C. Surgical facemask: An ally of exercise stress echocardiography during the COVID-19 pandemic? Rev Esp Cardiol (Engl Ed) 2021; 74(5): 472-4.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rec.2020.10.007] [PMID: 33239255]
[2]
Pellikka PA, Nagueh SF, Elhendy AA, Kuehl CA, Sawada SG. American Society of Echocardiography. American Society of Echocardiography recommendations for performance, interpretation, and application of stress echocardiography. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2007; 20(9): 1021-41.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.echo.2007.07.003] [PMID: 17765820]
[3]
Kossaify A, Bassil E, Kossaify M. Stress echocardiography: Concept and criteria, structure and steps, obstacles and outcomes, focused update and review. Cardiol Res 2020; 11(2): 89-96.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.14740/cr851] [PMID: 32256915]
[4]
Yao SS, Moldenhauer S, Sherrid MV. Isometric handgrip exercise during dobutamine-atropine stress echocardiography increases heart rate acceleration and decreases study duration and dobutamine and atropine dosage. Clin Cardiol 2003; 26(5): 238-42.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/clc.4960260509] [PMID: 12769253]
[5]
Khan IA, Otero FJ, Font-Cordoba J, et al. Adjunctive handgrip during dobutamine stress echocardiography: Invasive assessment of myocardial oxygen consumption in humans. Clin Cardiol 2005; 28(7): 349-52.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/clc.4960280709] [PMID: 16075829]
[6]
Dattilo G, Patanè S, Zito C, et al. Handgrip exercise associated with dobutamine stress echocardiography. Int J Cardiol 2010; 143(3): 298-301.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2009.03.016] [PMID: 19336270]
[7]
Katritsis DG, Korovesis S, Karvouni E, et al. Handgrip-enhanced myocardial fractional flow reserve for assessment of coronary artery stenoses. Am Heart J 2006; 151(5): 1107.e1-7.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ahj.2005.09.023] [PMID: 16644345]
[8]
Mandoli GE, Pastore MC, Vasilijevaite K, et al. Speckle tracking stress echocardiography: A valuable diagnostic technique or a burden for everyday practice? Echocardiography 2020; 37(12): 2123-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/echo.14894] [PMID: 33145829]
[9]
Clemmensen TS, Eiskjær H, Mikkelsen F, et al. Left ventricular pressure-strain-derived myocardial work at rest and during exercise in patients with cardiac amyloidosis. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2020; 33(5): 573-82.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.echo.2019.11.018] [PMID: 32061410]
[10]
Dattilo G, Imbalzano E, Lamari A, et al. Ischemic heart disease and early diagnosis. Study on the predictive value of 2D strain. Int J Cardiol 2016; 215: 150-6.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.04.035] [PMID: 27111182]
[11]
Dattilo G, Lamari A, Zito C, Carerj S, Marte F, Patanè S. 2-Dimensional strain echocardiography and early detection of myocardial ischemia. Int J Cardiol 2010; 145(1): e6-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2008.12.100] [PMID: 19185369]
[12]
Hoffmann R, Marwick TH, Poldermans D, et al. Refinements in stress echocardiographic techniques improve inter-institutional agreement in interpretation of dobutamine stress echocardiograms. Eur Heart J 2002; 23(10): 821-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/euhj.2001.2968] [PMID: 12009723]
[13]
Ryan T, Berlacher K, Lindner JR, Mankad SV, Rose GA, Wang A. COCATS 4 Task Force 5: Training in echocardiography: Endorsed by the American society of echocardiography. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2015; 28(6): 615-27.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.echo.2015.04.014] [PMID: 26041570]
[14]
Ritzmann S, Baker S, Peck M, et al. British Society of Echocardiography Departmental Accreditation and Clinical Standards Committees with input from the Intensive Care Society. British society of echocardiography departmental accreditation standards 2019 with input from the intensive care society. Echo Res Pract 2020; 7(1): G43-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/ERP-19-0045] [PMID: 32190342]
[15]
Bouzas-Mosquera A, Peteiro J, Broullón FJ, et al. Temporal changes in the use and results of exercise echocardiography. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2015; 16(11): 1207-12.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ehjci/jev068] [PMID: 25851319]
[16]
Picano E, Zagatina A, Wierzbowska-Drabik K, Borguezan Daros C, D’Andrea A, Ciampi Q. Sustainability and versatility of the abcde protocol for stress echocardiography. J Clin Med 2020; 9(10): 3184.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm9103184] [PMID: 33008112]
[17]
Patel MR, Peterson ED, Dai D, et al. Low diagnostic yield of elective coronary angiography. N Engl J Med 2010; 362(10): 886-95.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa0907272] [PMID: 20220183]
[18]
Radico F, Zimarino M, Fulgenzi F, et al. Determinants of long-term clinical outcomes in patients with angina but without obstructive coronary artery disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Heart J 2018; 39(23): 2135-46.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehy185] [PMID: 29688324]
[19]
Corban MT, Hung OY, Eshtehardi P, et al. Myocardial bridging: contemporary understanding of pathophysiology with implications for diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. J Am Coll Cardiol 2014; 63(22): 2346-55.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2014.01.049] [PMID: 24583304]
[20]
Pargaonkar VS, Rogers IS, Su J, et al. Accuracy of a novel stress echocardiography pattern for myocardial bridging in patients with angina and no obstructive coronary artery disease - A retrospective and prospective cohort study. Int J Cardiol 2020; 311: 107-13.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2020.02.006] [PMID: 32145938]
[21]
Tsujita K, Maehara A, Mintz GS, et al. Comparison of angiographic and intravascular ultrasonic detection of myocardial bridging of the left anterior descending coronary artery. Am J Cardiol 2008; 102(12): 1608-13.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amjcard.2008.07.054] [PMID: 19064013]
[22]
Forsdahl SH, Rogers IS, Schnittger I, et al. Myocardial bridges on coronary computed tomography angiography-correlation with intravascular ultrasound and fractional flow reserve. Circ J 2017; 81(12): 1894-900.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1253/circj.CJ-17-0284] [PMID: 28690285]
[23]
Dattilo G, Carerj S, Lamari A, et al. The chance finding at multislice computed tomography coronary angiography of myocardial bridging. Int J Cardiol 2012; 154(2): e21-3.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2009.03.106] [PMID: 19395100]
[24]
Ge J, Jeremias A, Rupp A, et al. New signs characteristic of myocardial bridging demonstrated by intracoronary ultrasound and Doppler. Eur Heart J 1999; 20(23): 1707-16.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/euhj.1999.1661] [PMID: 10562478]
[25]
Gaibazzi N. Are we “bridging” the gap? Int J Cardiol 2020; 311: 114-5.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2020.03.076] [PMID: 32276771]
[26]
Lin S, Tremmel JA, Yamada R, et al. A novel stress echocardiography pattern for myocardial bridge with invasive structural and hemodynamic correlation. J Am Heart Assoc 2013; 2(2): e000097.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.113.000097] [PMID: 23591827]
[27]
Escaned J, Cortés J, Flores A, et al. Importance of diastolic fractional flow reserve and dobutamine challenge in physiologic assessment of myocardial bridging. J Am Coll Cardiol 2003; 42(2): 226-33.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0735-1097(03)00588-6] [PMID: 12875756]
[28]
Beleslin BD, Ostojic M, Djordjevic-Dikic A, et al. Integrated evaluation of relation between coronary lesion features and stress echocardiography results: The importance of coronary lesion morphology. J Am Coll Cardiol 1999; 33(3): 717-26.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0735-1097(98)00613-5] [PMID: 10080473]
[29]
Pargaonkar VS, Kobayashi Y, Kimura T, et al. Accuracy of non-invasive stress testing in women and men with angina in the absence of obstructive coronary artery disease. Int J Cardiol 2019; 282: 7-15.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2018.10.073] [PMID: 30527992]
[30]
Soran O, Pamir G, Erol C, Kocakavak C, Sabah I. The incidence and significance of myocardial bridge in a prospectively defined population of patients undergoing coronary angiography for chest pain. Tokai J Exp Clin Med 2000; 25(2): 57-60.
[PMID: 11127508]
[31]
Kobayashi Y, Tremmel JA, Kobayashi Y, et al. Exercise strain echocardiography in patients with a hemodynamically significant myocardial bridge assessed by physiological study. J Am Heart Assoc 2015; 4(11): e002496.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.115.002496] [PMID: 26581225]
[32]
Piccione MC, Zito C, Trio O, Oteri A, D’Angelo M, Andò G. The diagnostic challenge of dipyridamole-atropine stress echocardiography in a patient with myocardial bridge. J Cardiovasc Echogr 2016; 26(4): 120-2.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2211-4122.192175] [PMID: 28465977]
[33]
Kowalski HJ, Abelmann WH. The cardiac output at rest in Laennec’s cirrhosis. J Clin Invest 1953; 32(10): 1025-33.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1172/JCI102813] [PMID: 13096569]
[34]
Dimitroglou Y, Aggeli C, Alexopoulou A, Mavrogeni S, Tousoulis D. Cardiac imaging in liver transplantation candidates: Current knowledge and future perspectives. J Clin Med 2019; 8(12): 2132.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm8122132] [PMID: 31817014]
[35]
Henriksen JH, Møller S, Ring-Larsen H, Christensen NJ. The sympathetic nervous system in liver disease. J Hepatol 1998; 29(2): 328-41.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0168-8278(98)80022-6] [PMID: 9722218]
[36]
Møller S, Henriksen JH. Cardiovascular complications of cirrhosis. Gut 2008; 57(2): 268-78.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/gut.2006.112177] [PMID: 18192456]
[37]
Møller S, Henriksen JH. Cardiovascular dysfunction in cirrhosis. Pathophysiological evidence of a cirrhotic cardiomyopathy. Scand J Gastroenterol 2001; 36(8): 785-94.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/003655201750313289] [PMID: 11495071]
[38]
Kelbaek H, Rabøl A, Brynjolf I, et al. Haemodynamic response to exercise in patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis. Clin Physiol 1987; 7(1): 35-41.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-097X.1987.tb00631.x] [PMID: 3816110]
[39]
Donovan CL, Marcovitz PA, Punch JD, et al. Two-dimensional and dobutamine stress echocardiography in the preoperative assessment of patients with end-stage liver disease prior to orthotopic liver transplantation. Transplantation 1996; 61(8): 1180-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00007890-199604270-00011] [PMID: 8610415]
[40]
Wong F, Girgrah N, Graba J, Allidina Y, Liu P, Blendis L. The cardiac response to exercise in cirrhosis. Gut 2001; 49(2): 268-75.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/gut.49.2.268] [PMID: 11454805]
[41]
Durand F, Graupera I, Ginès P, Olson JC, Nadim MK. Pathogenesis of hepatorenal syndrome: implications for therapy. Am J Kidney Dis 2016; 67(2): 318-28.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/j.ajkd.2015.09.013] [PMID: 26500178]
[42]
Koshy AN, Farouque O, Cailes B, et al. Impaired cardiac reserve on dobutamine stress echocardiography predicts the development of hepatorenal syndrome. Am J Gastroenterol 2020; 115(3): 388-97.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.14309/ajg.0000000000000462] [PMID: 31738284]
[43]
Lewis JF, Kuo LC, Nelson JG, Limacher MC, Quinones MA. Pulsed doppler echocardiographic determination of stroke volume and cardiac output: Clinical validation of two new methods using the apical window. Circulation 1984; 70(3): 425-31.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.70.3.425] [PMID: 6744546]
[44]
Bonou M, Mavrogeni S, Kapelios CJ, et al. Preoperative evaluation of coronary artery disease in liver transplant candidates: Many unanswered questions in clinical practice. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11(1): 75.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11010075] [PMID: 33466478]
[45]
Vita T, Murphy DJ, Osborne MT, et al. Association between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease at ct and coronary microvascular dysfunction at myocardial perfusion PET/CT. Radiology 2019; 291(2): 330-7.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2019181793] [PMID: 30835188]
[46]
Myers RP, Lee SS. Cirrhotic cardiomyopathy and liver transplantation. Liver Transpl 2000; 6(4)(Suppl. 1): S44-52.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/lt.500060510] [PMID: 10915191]
[47]
Bhutani S, Tobis J, Gevorgyan R, et al. Accuracy of stress myocardial perfusion imaging to diagnose coronary artery disease in end stage liver disease patients. Am J Cardiol 2013; 111(7): 1057-61.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amjcard.2012.12.023] [PMID: 23337839]
[48]
Martin P, DiMartini A, Feng S, Brown R Jr, Fallon M. Evaluation for liver transplantation in adults: 2013 practice guideline by the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases and the American Society of Transplantation. Hepatology 2014; 59(3): 1144-65.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hep.26972] [PMID: 24716201]
[49]
Plotkin JS, Benitez RM, Kuo PC, et al. Dobutamine stress echocardiography for preoperative cardiac risk stratification in patients undergoing orthotopic liver transplantation. Liver Transpl Surg 1998; 4(4): 253-7.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/lt.500040415] [PMID: 9649636]
[50]
Snipelisky D, Levy M, Shapiro B. Utility of dobutamine stress echocardiography as part of the pre-liver transplant evaluation: An evaluation of its efficacy. Clin Cardiol 2014; 37(8): 468-72.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/clc.22283] [PMID: 24719365]
[51]
Nguyen P, Plotkin J, Fishbein TM, et al. Dobutamine stress echocardiography in patients undergoing orthotopic liver transplantation: a pooled analysis of accuracy, perioperative and long term cardiovascular prognosis. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 2013; 29(8): 1741-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10554-013-0275-x] [PMID: 23974907]
[52]
Doytchinova AT, Feigenbaum TD, Pondicherry-Harish RC, et al. Diagnostic performance of dobutamine stress echocardiography in end-stage liver disease. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2019; 12(11 Pt 1): 2115-22.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcmg.2018.10.031] [PMID: 30660519]
[53]
Garot J, Hoffer EP, Monin JL, Duval AM, Piérard LA, Guéret P. Stratification of single-vessel coronary stenosis by ischemic threshold at the onset of wall motion abnormality during continuous monitoring of left ventricular function by semisupine exercise echocardiography. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2001; 14(8): 798-805.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1067/mje.2001.111936] [PMID: 11490328]
[54]
Smart SC, Knickelbine T, Malik F, Sagar KB. Dobutamine-atropine stress echocardiography for the detection of coronary artery disease in patients with left ventricular hypertrophy. Importance of chamber size and systolic wall stress. Circulation 2000; 101(3): 258-63.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.101.3.258] [PMID: 10645921]
[55]
Matsushita K, van der Velde M, Astor BC, et al. Chronic Kidney Disease Prognosis Consortium. Association of estimated glomerular filtration rate and albuminuria with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in general population cohorts: A collaborative meta-analysis. Lancet 2010; 375(9731): 2073-81.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60674-5] [PMID: 20483451]
[56]
Levi A, Simard T, Glover C. Coronary artery disease in patients with end-stage kidney disease; Current perspective and gaps of knowledge. Semin Dial 2020; 33(3): 187-97.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/sdi.12886] [PMID: 32449824]
[57]
Pun PH, Smarz TR, Honeycutt EF, Shaw LK, Al-Khatib SM, Middleton JP. Chronic kidney disease is associated with increased risk of sudden cardiac death among patients with coronary artery disease. Kidney Int 2009; 76(6): 652-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ki.2009.219] [PMID: 19536082]
[58]
Hayer MK, Radhakrishnan A, Price AM, et al. Birmingham Cardio-Renal Group. Defining myocardial abnormalities across the stages of chronic kidney disease: A cardiac magnetic resonance imaging study. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2020; 13(11): 2357-67.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcmg.2020.04.021] [PMID: 32682713]
[59]
Schwarz U, Buzello M, Ritz E, et al. Morphology of coronary atherosclerotic lesions in patients with end-stage renal failure. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2000; 15(2): 218-23.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ndt/15.2.218] [PMID: 10648668]
[60]
Wanner C, Amann K, Shoji T. The heart and vascular system in dialysis. Lancet 2016; 388(10041): 276-84.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(16)30508-6] [PMID: 27226133]
[61]
Edwards NC, Moody WE, Chue CD, Ferro CJ, Townend JN, Steeds RP. Defining the natural history of uremic cardiomyopathy in chronic kidney disease: The role of cardiovascular magnetic resonance. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2014; 7(7): 703-14.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcmg.2013.09.025] [PMID: 25034920]
[62]
Innocenti F, Bartalucci F, Boni V, et al. Coronary artery disease screening in type II diabetic patients: Prognostic value of rest and stress echocardiography. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2014; 8(1): 18-23.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dsx.2013.10.010] [PMID: 24661753]
[63]
Schmidt A, Stefenelli T, Schuster E, Mayer G. Informational contribution of noninvasive screening tests for coronary artery disease in patients on chronic renal replacement therapy. Am J Kidney Dis 2001; 37(1): 56-63.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/ajkd.2001.20584] [PMID: 11136168]
[64]
Shroff GR, Li S, Herzog CA. Trends in mortality following acute myocardial infarction among dialysis patients in the United States over 15 years. J Am Heart Assoc 2015; 4(10): e002460.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.115.002460] [PMID: 26459933]
[65]
Jaarsma C, Leiner T, Bekkers SC, et al. Diagnostic performance of noninvasive myocardial perfusion imaging using single-photon emission computed tomography, cardiac magnetic resonance, and positron emission tomography imaging for the detection of obstructive coronary artery disease: A meta-analysis. J Am Coll Cardiol 2012; 59(19): 1719-28.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2011.12.040] [PMID: 22554604]
[66]
Wang LW, Fahim MA, Hayen A, et al. Cardiac testing for coronary artery disease in potential kidney transplant recipients: A systematic review of test accuracy studies. Am J Kidney Dis 2011; 57(3): 476-87.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/j.ajkd.2010.11.018] [PMID: 21257239]
[67]
Kelderman JR, Jolink FEJ, Benjamens S, Monroy-Gonzalez AG, Pol RA, Slart RHJA. Diagnostic accuracy of myocardial perfusion imaging in patients evaluated for kidney transplantation: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Nucl Cardiol 2021.
[PMID: 33948891]
[68]
Rabbat CG, Treleaven DJ, Russell JD, Ludwin D, Cook DJ. Prognostic value of myocardial perfusion studies in patients with end-stage renal disease assessed for kidney or kidney-pancreas transplantation: A meta-analysis. J Am Soc Nephrol 2003; 14(2): 431-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.ASN.0000047560.51444.3A] [PMID: 12538744]
[69]
Wang LW, Masson P, Turner RM, et al. Prognostic value of cardiac tests in potential kidney transplant recipients: A systematic review. Transplantation 2015; 99(4): 731-45.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/TP.0000000000000611] [PMID: 25769066]
[70]
Ives CW, AlJaroudi WA, Kumar V, et al. Prognostic value of myocardial perfusion imaging performed pre-renal transplantation: Post-transplantation follow-up and outcomes. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2018; 45(11): 1998-2008.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00259-018-4068-2] [PMID: 29882159]
[71]
Karthikeyan V, Ananthasubramaniam K. Coronary risk assessment and management options in chronic kidney disease patients prior to kidney transplantation. Curr Cardiol Rev 2009; 5(3): 177-86.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/157340309788970342] [PMID: 20676276]
[72]
Marwick TH, Steinmuller DR, Underwood DA, et al. Ineffectiveness of dipyridamole SPECT thallium imaging as a screening technique for coronary artery disease in patients with end-stage renal failure. Transplantation 1990; 49(1): 100-3.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00007890-199001000-00022] [PMID: 2300998]
[73]
Ting SM, Iqbal H, Kanji H, et al. Functional cardiovascular reserve predicts survival pre-kidney and post-kidney transplantation. J Am Soc Nephrol 2014; 25(1): 187-95.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1681/ASN.2013040348] [PMID: 24231666]
[74]
Kristensen SD, Knuuti J, Saraste A, et al. Authors/Task Force Members. 2014 ESC/ESA Guidelines on non-cardiac surgery: Cardiovascular assessment and management: The Joint Task Force on non-cardiac surgery: Cardiovascular assessment and management of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the European Society of Anaesthesiology (ESA). Eur Heart J 2014; 35(35): 2383-431.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehu282] [PMID: 25086026]
[75]
Fleisher LA, Fleischmann KE, Auerbach AD, et al. 2014 ACC/AHA guideline on perioperative cardiovascular evaluation and management of patients undergoing noncardiac surgery: A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. Circulation 2014; 130(24): e278-333.
[PMID: 25085961]
[76]
Nerlekar N, Mulley W, Rehmani H, et al. Feasibility of exercise stress echocardiography for cardiac risk assessment in chronic kidney disease patients prior to renal transplantation. Clin Transplant 2016; 30(10): 1209-15.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ctr.12796] [PMID: 27327660]
[77]
Malluche HH, Blomquist G, Monier-Faugere MC, Cantor TL, Davenport DL. High parathyroid hormone level and osteoporosis predict progression of coronary artery calcification in patients on dialysis. J Am Soc Nephrol 2015; 26(10): 2534-44.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1681/ASN.2014070686] [PMID: 25838468]
[78]
Lentine KL, Costa SP, Weir MR, et al. American Heart Association Council on the Kidney in Cardiovascular Disease and Council on Peripheral Vascular Disease; American Heart Association; American College of Cardiology Foundation. Cardiac disease evaluation and management among kidney and liver transplantation candidates: A scientific statement from the American Heart Association and the American College of Cardiology Foundation: endorsed by the American Society of Transplant Surgeons, American Society of Transplantation, and National Kidney Foundation. Circulation 2012; 126(5): 617-63.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/CIR.0b013e31823eb07a] [PMID: 22753303]
[79]
Lentine KL, Costa SP, Weir MR, et al. American Heart Association Council on the Kidney in Cardiovascular Disease and Council on Peripheral Vascular Disease. Cardiac disease evaluation and management among kidney and liver transplantation candidates: A scientific statement from the American Heart Association and the American College of Cardiology Foundation. J Am Coll Cardiol 2012; 60(5): 434-80.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2012.05.008] [PMID: 22763103]
[80]
K/DOQI Workgroup. K/DOQI clinical practice guidelines for cardiovascular disease in dialysis patients. Am J Kidney Dis 2005; 45(4)(Suppl. 3): S1-S153.
[PMID: 15806502]
[81]
Gill JS, Ma I, Landsberg D, Johnson N, Levin A. Cardiovascular events and investigation in patients who are awaiting cadaveric kidney transplantation. J Am Soc Nephrol 2005; 16(3): 808-16.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1681/ASN.2004090810] [PMID: 15689406]
[82]
Pollack A, Nazif T, Mancini D, Weisz G. Detection and imaging of cardiac allograft vasculopathy. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2013; 6(5): 613-23.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcmg.2013.03.001] [PMID: 23680373]
[83]
Chirakarnjanakorn S, Starling RC, Popović ZB, Griffin BP, Desai MY. Dobutamine stress echocardiography during follow-up surveillance in heart transplant patients: Diagnostic accuracy and predictors of outcomes. J Heart Lung Transplant 2015; 34(5): 710-7.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.healun.2014.11.019] [PMID: 25682552]
[84]
Spes CH, Klauss V, Mudra H, et al. Diagnostic and prognostic value of serial dobutamine stress echocardiography for noninvasive assessment of cardiac allograft vasculopathy: A comparison with coronary angiography and intravascular ultrasound. Circulation 1999; 100(5): 509-15.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.100.5.509] [PMID: 10430765]
[85]
Fine NM, Greenway SC, Mulvagh SL, et al. Feasibility of Real- Time Myocardial Contrast Echocardiography to Detect Cardiac Allograft Vasculopathy in Pediatric Heart Transplant Recipients. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2021; 34(5): 503-10.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.echo.2020.12.009] [PMID: 33359634]
[86]
Gebska MA, Williford NN, Schadler AJ, et al. Pharmacological vs exercise stress echocardiography for detection of cardiac allograft vasculopathy. Mayo Clin Proc Innov Qual Outcomes 2020; 4(1): 65-75.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mayocpiqo.2019.09.003] [PMID: 32055772]
[87]
Fleisher LA, Fleischmann KE, Auerbach AD, et al. 2014 ACC/AHA guideline on perioperative cardiovascular evaluation and management of patients undergoing noncardiac surgery: executive summary: A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on practice guidelines. Developed in collaboration with the American College of Surgeons, American Society of Anesthesiologists, American Society of Echocardiography, American Society of Nuclear Cardiology, Heart Rhythm Society, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists, and Society of Vascular Medicine Endorsed by the Society of Hospital Medicine. J Nucl Cardiol 2015; 22(1): 162-215.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12350-014-0025-z] [PMID: 25523415]
[88]
Sawada SG. A reappraisal of dobutamine echocardiography for risk stratification before noncardiac surgery. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2020; 33(4): 433-7.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.echo.2020.01.017] [PMID: 32111538]
[89]
Snowden CP, Hughes T, Rose J, Roberts DR. Pulmonary edema in patients after liver transplantation. Liver Transpl 2000; 6(4): 466-70.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/jlts.2000.7580] [PMID: 10915170]
[90]
Widmer RJ, Cullen MW, Salonen BR, et al. Cardiac events after noncardiac surgery in patients undergoing preoperative dobutamine stress echocardiography: Findings from the mayo poce-dse investigators. Am J Med 2018; 131(6): 702.e15-22.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amjmed.2017.12.025] [PMID: 29353048]
[91]
Cullen MW, McCully RB, Widmer RJ, et al. Preoperative dobutamine stress echocardiography and clinical factors for assessment of cardiac risk after noncardiac surgery. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2020; 33(4): 423-32.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.echo.2019.11.015] [PMID: 32089383]
[92]
Torres MR, Short L, Baglin T, Case C, Gibbs H, Marwick TH. Usefulness of clinical risk markers and ischemic threshold to stratify risk in patients undergoing major noncardiac surgery. Am J Cardiol 2002; 90(3): 238-42.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0002-9149(02)02461-X] [PMID: 12127610]
[93]
Lalka SG, Sawada SG, Dalsing MC, et al. Dobutamine stress echocardiography as a predictor of cardiac events associated with aortic surgery. J Vasc Surg 1992; 15(5): 831-40.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0741-5214(92)90718-N] [PMID: 1578539]
[94]
Das MK, Pellikka PA, Mahoney DW, et al. Assessment of cardiac risk before nonvascular surgery: dobutamine stress echocardiography in 530 patients. J Am Coll Cardiol 2000; 35(6): 1647-53.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0735-1097(00)00586-6] [PMID: 10807472]
[95]
Eichelberger JP, Schwarz KQ, Black ER, Green RM, Ouriel K. Predictive value of dobutamine echocardiography just before noncardiac vascular surgery. Am J Cardiol 1993; 72(7): 602-7.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0002-9149(93)90359-K] [PMID: 8362778]
[96]
Patel KK, Young L, Carey W, et al. Preoperative dobutamine stress echocardiography in patients undergoing orthotopic liver transplantation. Clin Cardiol 2018; 41(7): 931-5.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/clc.22980] [PMID: 29781184]
[97]
Pellikka PA, Arruda-Olson A, Chaudhry FA, et al. Guidelines for performance, interpretation, and application of stress echocardiography in ischemic heart disease: From the american society of echocardiography. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2020; 33(1): 1-41.e8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.echo.2019.07.001] [PMID: 31740370]
[98]
Muraru D, Cecchetto A, Cucchini U, et al. Intervendor consistency and accuracy of left ventricular volume measurements using three-dimensional echocardiography. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2018; 31(2): 158-168.e1.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.echo.2017.10.010] [PMID: 29229493]
[99]
Tsutsui JM, Mukherjee S, Elhendy A, et al. Value of dobutamine stress myocardial contrast perfusion echocardiography in patients with advanced liver disease. Liver Transpl 2006; 12(4): 592-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/lt.20651] [PMID: 16555336]
[100]
Villarraga HR, Herrmann J, Nkomo VT. Cardio-oncology: Role of echocardiography. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 2014; 57(1): 10-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pcad.2014.05.002] [PMID: 25081398]
[101]
Choueiri TK, Mayer EL, Je Y, et al. Congestive heart failure risk in patients with breast cancer treated with bevacizumab. J Clin Oncol 2011; 29(6): 632-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2010.31.9129] [PMID: 21205755]
[102]
Marks LB, Yu X, Prosnitz RG, et al. The incidence and functional consequences of RT-associated cardiac perfusion defects. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2005; 63(1): 214-23.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrobp.2005.01.029] [PMID: 16111592]
[103]
Mulrooney DA, Yeazel MW, Kawashima T, et al. Cardiac outcomes in a cohort of adult survivors of childhood and adolescent cancer: Retrospective analysis of the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study cohort. BMJ 2009; 339: b4606.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.b4606] [PMID: 19996459]
[104]
Heidenreich PA, Schnittger I, Strauss HW, et al. Screening for coronary artery disease after mediastinal irradiation for Hodgkin’s disease. J Clin Oncol 2007; 25(1): 43-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2006.07.0805] [PMID: 17194904]
[105]
Heidenreich PA, Hancock SL, Vagelos RH, Lee BK, Schnittger I. Diastolic dysfunction after mediastinal irradiation. Am Heart J 2005; 150(5): 977-82.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ahj.2004.12.026] [PMID: 16290974]
[106]
Lancellotti P, Nkomo VT, Badano LP, et al. European Society of Cardiology Working Groups on Nuclear Cardiology and Cardiac Computed Tomography and Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance; American Society of Nuclear Cardiology, Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance, and Society of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography. Expert consensus for multi-modality imaging evaluation of cardiovascular complications of radiotherapy in adults: A report from the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging and the American Society of Echocardiography. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2013; 26(9): 1013-32. [Erratum in: J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2013;26]. [11]. [:1305. Bergler, Jutta ]. [corrected to Bergler-Klein, Jutta].
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.echo.2013.07.005] [PMID: 23998694]
[107]
Civelli M, Cardinale D, Martinoni A, et al. Early reduction in left ventricular contractile reserve detected by dobutamine stress echo predicts high-dose chemotherapy-induced cardiac toxicity. Int J Cardiol 2006; 111(1): 120-6.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2005.07.029] [PMID: 16242796]
[108]
Manolis AA, Manolis TA, Mikhailidis DP, Manolis AS. Cardiovascular safety of oncologic agents: A double-edged sword even in the era of targeted therapies - part 1. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2018; 17(9): 875-92.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14740338.2018.1513488] [PMID: 30126304]
[109]
Manolis AA, Manolis TA, Mikhailidis DP, Manolis AS. Cardiovascular safety of oncologic agents: A double-edged sword even in the era of targeted therapies - Part 2. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2018; 17(9): 893-915.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14740338.2018.1513489] [PMID: 30126303]

Rights & Permissions Print Cite
Article Metrics
46
1
Wayfinder Image
Open Access Journals Promotions
World Prematurity Day
© 2024 Bentham Science Publishers | Privacy Policy