Title:Therapeutic Effects of Physical Exercise and the Mesenchymal Stem Cell
Secretome by Modulating Neuroinflammatory Response in Multiple Sclerosis
Volume: 17
Issue: 7
Author(s): Lina María González, Laura Natalia Ospina, Laura Elena Sperling, Orlando Chaparro and Jaison Daniel Cucarián*
Affiliation:
- Department of Rehabilitation, Physiotherapy Program, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del
Rosario AK 24 #63c-69, Bogotá, Colombia
Keywords:
Physical exercise, mesenchymal stem cells, secretome, multiple sclerosis, neuroinflammation, stem cell therapy.
Abstract: Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a neurodegenerative, demyelinating, and chronic inflammatory
disease characterized by Central Nervous System (CNS) lesions that lead to high levels of disability
and severe physical and cognitive disturbances. Conventional therapies are not enough to control
the neuroinflammatory process in MS and are not able to inhibit ongoing damage to the CNS.
Thus, the secretome of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC-S) has been postulated as a potential therapy
that could mitigate symptoms and disease progression. We considered that its combination with
physical exercise (EX) could induce superior effects and increase the MSC-S effectiveness in this
condition. Recent studies have revealed that both EX and MSC-S share similar mechanisms of action
that mitigate auto-reactive T cell infiltration, regulate the local inflammatory response, modulate
the proinflammatory profile of glial cells, and reduce neuronal damage. Clinical and experimental
studies have reported that these treatments in an isolated way also improve myelination, regeneration,
promote the release of neurotrophic factors, and increase the recruitment of endogenous
stem cells. Together, these effects reduce disease progression and improve patient functionality.
Despite these results, the combination of these methods has not yet been studied in MS. In this
review, we focus on molecular elements and cellular responses induced by these treatments in a separate
way, showing their beneficial effects in the control of symptoms and disease progression in
MS, as well as indicating their contribution in clinical fields. In addition, we propose the combined
use of EX and MSC-S as a strategy to boost their reparative and immunomodulatory effects in this
condition, combining their benefits on synaptogenesis, neurogenesis, remyelination, and neuroinflammatory
response. The findings here reported are based on the scientific evidence and our professional
experience that will bring significant progress to regenerative medicine to deal with this
condition.
