Title:Prospective for Diagnosis and Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy
Volume: 28
Issue: 7
Author(s): Faiza Idris Himasa, Manmohan Singhal, Abhijeet Ojha and Bhavna Kumar*
Affiliation:
- Faculty of Pharmacy, DIT University, Dehradun 248009, Uttarakhand, India
Keywords:
Diabetic retinopathy, non-invasive, posterior eye, retinal diseases, ophthalmic preparations, nanotechnology.
Abstract: Diabetic retinopathy is a posterior eye disorder in which damage occurs to the light sensitive retina
due to diabetes mellitus. This disorder specifically affects people aged between 18-64 with type ІІ diabetes.
This disease progresses through different pathophysiological pathways, which include oxidative stress, inflammation,
stimulation of the growth factor in the eye’s vasculature, isoforms of protein kinase C, and also the activation
of the hexosamine pathway. It starts as micro aneurysms and advances in complicated stage, which results
in retinal detachment. Treatment of posterior eye diseases has complications due to the structural design of
the eye and physiological barriers present. The current treatment approach involves the use of intravitreal anti-
VEGFs, corticosteroids implants, laser and surgery; these treatment methods have drawbacks attributed to
them despite their benefits. The development of a robust delivery system with minimal or no invasion to tackle
the issues of diabetic retinopathy will be of considerable benefit to patients having diabetic retinopathy; the dependency
on ophthalmologists for multiple injections will significantly reduce and provide a promising approach
in drug delivery. In this review article, the authors provided information related to existing treatment
methods available for diabetic retinopathy, the most significant among which is nanotechnology approach
through which local delivery via the ocular route to posterior eye can be achieved. It also possesses the various
carriers studied for the non-invasive approach for retinal delivery of medicaments. Non-invasive approach for
delivery of drugs can be considered as potential for the treatment of diabetic retinopathy.
