Title:In Vivo Treatment Efficacy of Essential Oil Isolated from Seeds of Momordica charantia in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes Mellitus
Volume: 15
Issue: 4
Author(s): Berlin Grace Viswanathan Mariammal*, David Wilson Devarajan, Ruselraj Jerrin, Sundaram Viswanathan, Siddikuzzaman and Rengaswamy Gopal
Affiliation:
- Department of Biotechnology, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Karunya Nagar, Coimbatore-641 114, Tamil Nadu,India
Keywords:
Momordica charantia L., cucurbitaceae, GC-MS, essential oil, diabetes mellitus, streptozotocin,
phytochemicals.
Abstract:
Background: All parts of Momordica charantia L. have potential hypoglycemic
properties in reversing the metabolic disorder of diabetes mellitus.
However, there exists a need for preparing an effective and safer formulation of
active phytochemicals. We have also reviewed and analyzed certain patents on
such preparatory methods for Momordica charantia L. formulations.
Objective: This study aimed to isolate essential oil from the seeds of Momordica
charantia L., analyze its phytochemicals, and study their anti-diabetic effects.
Methods: The essential oil was isolated by the hydrodistillation method and analyzed
for phytochemicals by GC-MS. Furthermore, its acute toxicity was tested
in rats. Anti-diabetic effects were evaluated in Streptozotocin-induced diabetic
rats with 17.5 and 55 mg/kg b.wt of essential oil by evaluating blood glucose,
serum lipid profile, liver glycogen, protein, and other serum markers such as
ALT, AST, ALP, urea, and creatinine. The histologic changes in the liver, pancreas,
and kidney were evaluated using Haematoxylin and Eosin staining.
Results: The phytochemicals having hypoglycaemic and insulin induction potency
were identified in the GC-MS analysis. A highly significant (p≤0.01;
p≤0.001) reduction in blood glucose was observed from 17.5 mg/kg and 55
mg/kg essential oil treatments, respectively. Diabetes-associated metabolic alterations
(p≤0.001) observed in diabetic control rats such as lipid profile, enzymes,
glycogen, protein, urea, and creatinine were normalized upon treatment with essential
oil. Moreover, the histologic changes in vital organs reversed in treated
rats.
Conclusion: The essential oil of Momordica charantia L. seed has promising potency
to normalize the metabolic changes of type II diabetes mellitus.
