Title:Female Sexual Dysfunction: A Problem Hidden in the Shadows
Volume: 27
Issue: 36
Author(s): Konstantinos P. Imprialos, Konstantinos Koutsampasopoulos, Aleksandra Katsimardou, Sofia Bouloukou, Iakovos Theodoulidis, Mikos Themistoklis and Michael Doumas*
Affiliation:
- Second Propaedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki,Greece
Keywords:
Female sexual dysfunction, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, cardiovascular disease, drug-related sexual dysfunction,
sexual dysfunction treatment.
Abstract:
Background: Female sexual dysfunction (FSD) has been largely underdiagnosed and undertreated
due to the lack of concrete definitions, validated assessment methods and efficient treatments. However, during
the last few decades, there has been great progress in the clinical management and research of FSD.
Objective: The purpose of this review is to describe the pathophysiology of FSD, report the prevalence of the
disease in the setting of cardiovascular (CV) risk factors and disease, and review current and under investigation
treatment options.
Methods: A comprehensive review was performed to identify studies examining the association of FSD with
CV risk factors and/or disease, as well studies reporting relevant management options.
Results: The prevalence of FSD is increased in the general population (approximately 40%) and is significantly
higher in patients with hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and dyslipidemia. In patients with overt CV disease,
FSD is even more prevalent (up to 90%). The cause of FSD is multifactorial and includes a variety of vascular,
hormonal, interpersonal and psychological factors, which are all intertwined. Several treatment options exist
that are efficient in improving female sexual function, while a cluster of other options has been shown to offer
benefits.
Conclusion: FSD is a major public health problem with great impact on the patients’ quality of life. In the setting
of increased CV burden, FSD is even more prevalent. Increased awareness is needed for the physician to
establish a trustful environment with the patient, discuss such issues, and offer proper management options.
