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Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology

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ISSN (Print): 1389-2010
ISSN (Online): 1873-4316

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Research Article

Evaluation of Decontamination Efficacy of Electrolytically Generated Hypochlorous Acid for the Vesicating Agent: A Multimodel Study

Author(s): Ajay Kumar Sharma, Sandeep Kumar Shukla*, Aman Kalonia, Priyanka Shaw, Kushagra Khanna, M. H. Yashavarddhan, Richa Gupta and Aseem Bhatnagar

Volume 23, Issue 2, 2022

Published on: 11 March, 2021

Page: [287 - 299] Pages: 13

DOI: 10.2174/1389201022666210311140922

Price: $65

Abstract

Background: Sulfur Mustard is a strong vesicant and chemical warfare agent that imposes toxicity to the lungs, eyes, and skin after accidental or intended exposure.

Objectives: The current study was intended to explore in vitro and in vivo decontamination properties of electrolytically generated HOCl (hypochlorous acid) against CEES (2-chloroethyle ethyle sulphide), a known sulfur mustard simulant & vesicating agent.

Methods: in vitro studies were carried out using UV spectroscopy and GC-MS methods. In vivo studies were performed in Strain A and immune-compromised mice by subcutaneous as well as prophylactic topical administration of HOCl pretreated CEES. The blister formation and mortality were considered as end-point. Histopathological study was conducted on skin samples by H & E method. DNA damage studies measuring γ-H2AX and ATM have been carried out in human blood using flow cytometry. Anti-bacterial action was tested by employing broth micro dilution methods. A comparative study was also carried out with known oxidizing agents.

Results: The topical application of pre-treated CEES at 5, 30 min and 1 h time points showed significant (p<0.001) inhibition of blister formation. DNA damage study showed reduced mean fluorescence intensity of DSBs nearly 17-20 times, suggesting that HOCl plays a protective role against DNA damage. Histopathology showed no sign of necrosis in the epidermis upto 5 min although moderate changes were observed at 30 min. Pretreated samples were analyzed for detection of reaction products with m/z value of 75.04, 69.08, 83.93, 85.95, 123.99, 126.00, and 108.97. HOCl showed a strong bactericidal effect at 40 ppm. The absorbance spectra of HOCl treated CEES showed lowered peaks in comparison to CEES alone and other oxidizing agents.

Conclusion: In a nutshell, our results signify the decontamination role of HOCl for biological surface application.

Keywords: CW agents, CEES, blister, HOCl, decontamination, DNA damage, necrosis.

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