Title:Directions for Enhancement of the Therapeutic Efficacy of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Different Neurodegenerative and Cardiovascular Diseases: Current Status and Future Perspectives
Volume: 16
Issue: 7
Author(s): Lamiaa A. Ahmed*Khaled F. Al-Massri
Affiliation:
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo,Egypt
Keywords:
Cardiovascular diseases, differentiation, exosomes, mesenchymal stem cells, neurodegenerative disorders, regeneration.
Abstract: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have shown promising therapeutic effects in a wide variety
of medical conditions, including neurodegenerative disorders and cardiovascular diseases. Although
preliminary research has emphasized the ability of MSCs to engraft at sites of injury, several
studies have revealed that MSCs mediate their effects through the release of various paracrine
factors and through their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and anti-apoptotic effects.
The clinical implications of MSCs application are limited due to their low survival rate in
conditions of inflammation, oxidative stress, and nutrient restriction in damaged areas. Furthermore,
the function of isolated MSCs is usually affected by the patient’s health. Therefore, it is necessary
to develop new methods to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of MSCs under pathophysiological
conditions. This review provides an overview of the general properties of MSCs, their therapeutic
potential in neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease,
multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and Huntington’s disease, as well as cardiovascular
diseases such as myocardial infarction, diabetic cardiomyopathy, and dilated cardiomyopathy,
and their related mechanisms. In addition, this review also discusses potential problems and side effects,
as well as current and future directions for improvement of MSCs therapy and their implications
and applications.
