Title:Haptoglobin Genotype Affects Inflammation after Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Volume: 17
Issue: 5
Author(s): Aaron M. Gusdon, Jude Savarraj, Liang Zhu, Peeyush K. Thankamani Pandit, Sylvain Doré, Devin W. McBride, HuiMahn A. Choi and Spiros L. Blackburn*
Affiliation:
- Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medicine School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX,United States
Keywords:
Haptoglobin, genotype, cytokines, subarachnoid hemorrhage, inflammation, cerebral ischemia.
Abstract:
Background: Haptoglobin (Hp) binds to and facilitates clearance of heme. Compared
with HP 1-1 and 1-2 genotypes, HP 2-2 has a weaker binding affinity and has been linked with increased
inflammation and vasospasm after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH).
Objective: This study aims to assess levels of inflammatory cytokines in the context of different
HP genotypes.
Methods: Patients were enrolled among those presenting with spontaneous aneurysmal SAH.
Blood was drawn at four time points; <24 hours (T1), 24-48 hours (T2), 3-5 days (T3), and 6-8
days (T4). Blood was analyzed for levels of 41 cytokines at each time point, as well as for HP genotypes.
These data were analyzed using mixed-effect models to assess the association between HP
genotypes and cytokine levels. The modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score was obtained at discharge,
3 months, and 6 months.
Results: Fifty-seven patients were enrolled. Compared with HP 1-1 and 1-2, subjects encoding HP
2-2 had elevated levels of the following cytokines at all time points: FLT3L, IFNγ, IL-17A, TGFα,
and VEGF-A. Elevations were also seen at some time points for IL-8, CSF2, FGF2, IL-7,
IL-12p70, and TNFα. This study was not powered to detect differences in the functional outcome;
however, there were no significant differences in dichotomized mRS scores between patients with
HP 1-1/1-2 or HP 2-2.
Conclusion: Our findings indicate that HP 2-2 genotype leads to increased proinflammatory cytokine
levels compared with HP 1-1/1-2 genotypes. These data may provide guidance for further
studies seeking to identify testable markers for functional prognosis or targets for treatment.
