Title:Xenogeneic Decellularized Extracellular Matrix-based Biomaterials For Peripheral Nerve Repair and Regeneration
Volume: 19
Issue: 12
Author(s): Ting Li, Rabia Javed and Qiang Ao*
Affiliation:
- Department of Developmental Cell Biology, China Medical University, Shenyang,China
Keywords:
Decellularization, xenogeneic extracellular matrix, peripheral nerve injury, dECM-based biomaterials, nerve repair
and regeneration, tissue engineering.
Abstract: Peripheral nerve injury could lead to either impairment or a complete loss of function
for affected patients, and a variety of nerve repair materials have been developed for surgical approaches
to repair it. Although autologous or autologous tissue-derived biomaterials remain preferred
treatment for peripheral nerve injury, the lack of donor sources has led biomedical researchers
to explore more other biomaterials. As a reliable alternative, xenogeneic decellularized extracellular
matrix (dECM)-based biomaterials have been widely employed for surgical nerve repair. The
dECM derived from animal donors is an attractive and unlimited source for xenotransplantation.
Meanwhile, as an increasingly popular technique, decellularization could retain a variety of bioactive
components in native ECM, such as polysaccharides, proteins, and growth factors. The resulting
dECM-based biomaterials preserve a tissue's native microenvironment, promote Schwann cells
proliferation and differentiation, and provide cues for nerve regeneration. Although the potential of
dECM-based biomaterials as a therapeutic agent is rising, there are many limitations of this material
restricting its use. Herein, this review discusses the decellularization techniques that have been
applied to create dECM-based biomaterials, the main components of nerve ECM, and the recent
progress in the utilization of xenogeneic dECM-based biomaterials through applications as a hydrogel,
wrap, and guidance conduit in nerve tissue engineering. In the end, the existing bottlenecks of
xenogeneic dECM-based biomaterials and developing technologies that could be eliminated to be
helpful for utilization in the future have been elaborated.
