Plant Stimulant to Nanotoxicity: Recent Advancements and Opportunities

Nidhi       Verma; Shilpa       Sharma; Gajendra    Singh    Vishwakarma; Alok       Pandya
doi:10.2174/2665980801999200607174608
Abstract

Nanotechnology has come a long way showing major contributions in the field of agriculture and food production. The use of nanoparticles (NPs) is increasing day by day as they possess better solubility, enhanced magnetic and optical properties, and better surface to charge ratio. The affirmative effects due to the use of NPs have been explained, including enhanced germination, increased root and shoot length, and the overall increase in plant biomass along with improvement in physiological parameters like photosynthetic activity. Recently, the toxicological effects of NPs in agriculture have become a matter of concern. The current review focuses on the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), oxidative damage and defense mechanism in response to phytotoxicity caused by the use of NPs. The other aspects in this review include the effect of NPs on macromolecule concentration, plant hormones and crop quality. The review also discusses the future prospects of NPs on plant phytotoxicity and growth. Furthermore, it also discusses the possible measures which can be taken for plant protection and growth while using NPs in agriculture.
Keywords: Nanoparticles, nanotoxicity, plant hormones, phytotoxicity, plant stress, defense mechanism.
Graphical Abstract

[1] 
Vance M. , E Kuiken T, Vejerano EP. McGinnis SP, Hochella Jr MF, Rejeski D. et alNanotechnology in the real world: Redeveloping the nanomaterial consumer products inventory. Beilstein J Nanotechnology  2015; 21(6): 1769-80.
[2] 
Toensmeier PA. Nanotechnology faces scrutiny over environment and toxicity. Plast Eng  2004; 60: 14-4.
[3] 
Baker S, Volova T, Prudnikova SV, Satish S, Prasad M N N. Nanoagroparticles emerging trends and future prospect in modern agriculture system. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol  2017; 53: 10-7.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.etap.2017.04.012] [PMID:  28499265] 
[4] 
He X, Deng H, Hwang HM. The current application of nanotechnology in food and agriculture. Yao Wu Shi Pin Fen Xi  2019; 27(1): 1-21.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jfda.2018.12.002] [PMID:  30648562] 
[5] 
Kah M, Tufenkji N, White JC. Nano-enabled strategies to enhance crop nutrition and protection. Nat Nanotechnol  2019; 14(6): 532-40.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41565-019-0439-5] [PMID:  31168071] 
[6] 
Botha TL, Elemike EE, Horn S, Onwudiwe DC, Giesy JP, Wepener V. Cytotoxicity of Ag, Au and Ag-Au bimetallic nanoparticles prepared using golden rod (Solidago canadensis) plant extract. Sci Rep  2019; 9(1): 4169.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-40816-y] [PMID:  30862803] 
[7] 
Wang T, Wu J, Xu S, et al. A potential involvement of plant systemic response in initiating genotoxicity of Ag-nanoparticles in Arabidopsis thaliana. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf  2019; 170: 324-30.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.12.002] [PMID:  30544092] 
[8] 
Li X, Peng T, Mu L, Hu X. Phytotoxicity induced by engineered nanomaterials as explored by metabolomics: Perspectives and challenges. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf  2019; 184109602
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109602] [PMID:  31493589] 
[9] 
Gkanatsiou C, Karamanoli K, Menkissoglu-Spiroudi U, Dendrinou-Samara C. Composition effect of Cu-based nanoparticles on phytopathogenic bacteria. Antibacterial studies and phytotoxicity evaluation. Polyhedron  2019; 6: 2.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.poly.2019.06.002] 
[10] 
Tiwari PK. , Shweta , Singh AK, et al. Liquid assisted pulsed laser ablation synthesized copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO-NPs) and their differential impact on rice seedlings. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf  2019; 176: 321-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.01.120] [PMID:  30951979] 
[11] 
Zakharova O, Kolesnikov E, Shatrova N, Gusev A.  The effects of
  CuO nanoparticles on wheat seeds and seedlings and Alternaria solani
  fungi: in vitro study IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental
 Science. 2019; 226: 012036.. 
[http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1088/1755-1315/226/1/012036] 
[12] 
Sadak MS. Impact of silver nanoparticles on plant growth, some biochemical aspects, and yield of fenugreek plant (Trigonella foenum-graecum). Bull Natl Res Cent  2019; 43: 38.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s42269-019-0077-y] 
[13] 
Iqbal M, Raja NI, Hussain M, Ejaz M, Yasmeen F. Effect of silver nanoparticles on growth of wheat under heat stress  Iranian J Sci Tech, Trans A Sci 2019; 43: 387-95.. 
[14] 
Spagnoletti FN, Spedalieri C, Kronberg F, Giacometti R. Extracellular biosynthesis of bactericidal Ag/AgCl nanoparticles for crop protection using the fungus Macrophomina phaseolina. J Environ Manage  2019; 231: 457-66.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.10.081] [PMID:  30388644] 
[15] 
Faizan M, Faraz A, Yusuf M, Khan S, Hayat S. Zinc oxide nanoparticle-mediated changes in photosynthetic efficiency and antioxidant system of tomato plants. Photosynthetica  2018; 56: 678-86.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11099-017-0717-0] 
[16] 
Venkatachalam P, Priyanka N, Manikandan K, et al. Enhanced plant growth promoting role of phycomolecules coated zinc oxide nanoparticles with P supplementation in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Plant Physiol Biochem  2017; 110: 118-27.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2016.09.004] [PMID:  27622847] 
[17] 
Rizwan M, Ali S, Ali B, et al. Zinc and iron oxide nanoparticles improved the plant growth and reduced the oxidative stress and cadmium concentration in wheat. Chemosphere  2019; 214: 269-77.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.09.120] [PMID:  30265934] 
[18] 
Itroutwar PD, Govindaraju K, Tamilselvan S, Kannan M, Raja K, Subramanian KS. Seaweed-based biogenic ZnO nanoparticles for improving agro-morphological characteristics of rice (Oryza sativa L.). J Plant Growth Regul  2019; 1-12.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00344-019-10012-3] 
[19] 
Tombuloglu H, Slimani Y, Alshammari T, Tombuloglu G, Almessiere M, Baykal A, et al. Magnetic Behavior and Nutrient Content Analyses of Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Tissues upon CoNd 0.2 Fe 1.8 O 4 Magnetic Nanoparticle Treatment. J Soil Sci Plant Nutr  2019; 1-10.
[20] 
Al-Amri N, Tombuloglu H, Slimani Y, et al. Size effect of iron (III) oxide nanomaterials on the growth, and their uptake and translocation in common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Ecotoxicol Environ Saf  2020; 194110377
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110377] [PMID:  32145527] 
[21] 
Tombuloglu H, Anıl I, Akhtar S, Turumtay H, Sabit H, Slimani Y, et al. Iron oxide nanoparticles translocate in pumpkin and alter the phloem sap metabolites related to oil metabolism. Sci Hortic (Amsterdam)  2020; 265109223
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2020.109223] 
[22] 
Tombuloglu H, Slimani Y, Tombuloglu G, et al. Impact of calcium and magnesium substituted strontium nano-hexaferrite on mineral uptake, magnetic character, and physiology of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Ecotoxicol Environ Saf  2019; 186109751
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109751] [PMID:  31600650] 
[23] 
Nawaz M, Almessiere MA, Almofty SA, Gungunes CD, Slimani Y, Baykal A. Exploration of catalytic and cytotoxicity activities of CaxMgxNi1-2xFe2O4 nanoparticles. J Photochem Photobiol B  2019; 196111506
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2019.05.003] [PMID:  31129509] 
[24] 
Tombuloglu H, Slimani Y, Güngüneş H, Tombuloglu G, Almessiere MA, Sozeri H, et al. Tracking of SPIONs in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) plant organs during its growth. J Supercond Nov Magn  2019; 32: 3285-94.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10948-019-5059-7] 
[25] 
Tombuloglu H, Slimani Y, Tombuloglu G, et al. Impact of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) and ionic iron on physiology of summer squash (Cucurbita pepo): A comparative study. Plant Physiol Biochem  2019; 139: 56-65.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.03.011] [PMID:  30878838] 
[26] 
Tombuloglu H, Slimani Y, Tombuloglu G, Almessiere M, Baykal A, Ercan I, et al. Tracking of NiFe2O4 nanoparticles in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and their impact on plant growth, biomass, pigmentation, catalase activity, and mineral uptake. Environ Nanotechnol Monit Manag  2019; 111: 223.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enmm.2019.100223] 
[27] 
Tombuloglu H, Tombuloglu G, Slimani Y, Ercan I, Sozeri H, Baykal A. Impact of manganese ferrite (MnFe2O4) nanoparticles on
 growth and magnetic character of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.).
 Environ Pollut 2018; 243(Pt B): 872-81.. 
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2018.08.096 ] [PMID:  30245449] 
[28] 
Tombuloglu H, Slimani Y, Tombuloglu G, Almessiere M, Baykal A. Uptake and translocation of magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles and its impact on photosynthetic genes in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Chemosphere  2019; 226: 110-22.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.03.075] [PMID:  30925403] 
[29] 
Elayakumar K, Manikandan A, Dinesh A, Thanrasu K, Raja KK, Kumar RT, et al. Enhanced magnetic property and antibacterial biomedical activity of Ce3+ doped CuFe2O4 spinel nanoparticles synthesized by sol-gel method. J Magn Magn Mater  2019; 478: 140-7.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2019.01.108] 
[30] 
Farjadian F, Roointan A, Mohammadi-Samani S, Hosseini M. Mesoporous silica nanoparticles: synthesis, pharmaceutical applications, biodistribution, and biosafety assessment. Chem Eng J  2019; 359: 684-705.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2018.11.156] 
[31] 
Alsaeedi A, El-Ramady H, Alshaal T, El-Garawany M, Elhawat N, Al-Otaibi A. Silica nanoparticles boost growth and productivity of cucumber under water deficit and salinity stresses by balancing nutrients uptake. Plant Physiol Biochem  2019; 139: 1-10.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.03.008] [PMID:  30870715] 
[32] 
Sun D, Hussain HI, Yi Z, Rookes JE, Kong L, Cahill DM. Delivery of abscisic acid to plants using glutathione responsive mesoporous silica nanoparticles. J Nanosci Nanotechnol  2018; 18(3): 1615-25.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2018.14262] [PMID:  29448638] 
[33] 
Kalteh M, Alipour ZT, Ashraf S, Marashi Aliabadi M, Falah Nosratabadi A. Effect of silica nanoparticles on basil (Ocimum basilicum) under salinity stress. J Chem Health Risks  2018; 4(3): 49-55.
[34] 
Derbalah A, Shenashen M, Hamza A, Mohamed A, El Safty S. Antifungal activity of fabricated mesoporous silica nanoparticles against early blight of tomato. Egyptian J Basic App Sci  2018; 5: 145-50.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejbas.2018.05.002] 
[35] 
Ou L, Song B, Liang H, et al. Toxicity of graphene-family nanoparticles: a general review of the origins and mechanisms. Part Fibre Toxicol  2016; 13(1): 57.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12989-016-0168-y] [PMID:  27799056] 
[36] 
Miralles P, Church TL, Harris AT. Toxicity, uptake, and translocation of engineered nanomaterials in vascular plants. Environ Sci Technol  2012; 46(17): 9224-39.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es202995d] [PMID:  22892035] 
[37] 
Yan J-W, Hu C, Chen K, Lin Q-B. Release of graphene from graphene-polyethylene composite films into food simulants. Food Packag Shelf Life  2019; 201: 310.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fpsl.2019.100310] 
[38] 
Hu X, Zhou Q. Health and ecosystem risks of graphene. Chem Rev  2013; 113(5): 3815-35.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cr300045n] [PMID:  23327673] 
[39] 
Seabra AB, Paula AJ, de Lima R, Alves OL, Durán N. Nanotoxicity of graphene and graphene oxide. Chem Res Toxicol  2014; 27(2): 159-68.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/tx400385x] [PMID:  24422439] 
[40] 
Yang K, Li Y, Tan X, Peng R, Liu Z. Behavior and toxicity of graphene and its functionalized derivatives in biological systems. Small  2013; 9(9-10): 1492-503.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/smll.201201417] [PMID:  22987582] 
[41] 
Zhao J, Wang Z, White JC, Xing B. Graphene in the aquatic environment: adsorption, dispersion, toxicity and transformation. Environ Sci Technol  2014; 48(17): 9995-10009.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es5022679] [PMID:  25122195] 
[42] 
Yang J, Cao W, Rui Y. Interactions between nanoparticles and plants: phytotoxicity and defense mechanisms. J Plant Interact  2017; 12: 158-69.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17429145.2017.1310944] 
[43] 
Tripathi DK. , Shweta , Singh S, et al An overview on manufactured nanoparticles in plants: Uptake, translocation, accumulation and phytotoxicity. Plant Physiol Biochem  2017; 110: 2-12.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2016.07.030] [PMID:  27601425] 
[44] 
Lin D, Xing B. Phytotoxicity of nanoparticles: inhibition of seed germination and root growth. Environ Pollut  2007; 150(2): 243-50.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2007.01.016] [PMID:  17374428] 
[45] 
Lin D, Xing B. Root uptake and phytotoxicity of ZnO nanoparticles. Environ Sci Technol  2008; 42(15): 5580-5.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es800422x] [PMID:  18754479] 
[46] 
Nhan V, Ma C, Rui Y, et al. Phytotoxic mechanism of nanoparticles: destruction of chloroplasts and vascular bundles and alteration of nutrient absorption. Sci Rep  2015; 5: 11618.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep11618] [PMID:  26108166] 
[47] 
Yin L, Colman BP, McGill BM, Wright JP, Bernhardt ES. Effects of silver nanoparticle exposure on germination and early growth of eleven wetland plants. PLoS One  2012; 7(10)e47674
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0047674] [PMID:  23091638] 
[48] 
Le VN, Rui Y, Gui X, Li X, Liu S, Han Y. Uptake, transport, distribution and Bio-effects of SiO2 nanoparticles in Bt-transgenic cotton. J Nanobiotechnology  2014; 12: 50.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12951-014-0050-8] [PMID:  25477033] 
[49] 
Thuesombat P, Hannongbua S, Akasit S, Chadchawan S. Effect of silver nanoparticles on rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. KDML 105) seed germination and seedling growth. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf  2014; 104: 302-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2014.03.022] [PMID:  24726943] 
[50] 
Nair PMG, Kim S-H, Chung IM. Copper oxide nanoparticle toxicity in mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) seedlings: physiological and molecular level responses of in vitro grown plants. Acta Physiol Plant  2014; 36: 2947-58.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11738-014-1667-9] 
[51] 
Mukherjee A, Peralta-Videa JR, Bandyopadhyay S, Rico CM, Zhao L, Gardea-Torresdey JL. Physiological effects of nanoparticulate ZnO in green peas (Pisum sativum L.) cultivated in soil. Metallomics  2014; 6(1): 132-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/C3MT00064H] [PMID:  24190632] 
[52] 
Nair R, Mohamed MS, Gao W, et al. Effect of carbon nanomaterials on the germination and growth of rice plants. J Nanosci Nanotechnol  2012; 12(3): 2212-20.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2012.5775] [PMID:  22755040] 
[53] 
Liu S, Wei H, Li Z, et al. Effects of graphene on germination and seedling morphology in rice. J Nanosci Nanotechnol  2015; 15(4): 2695-701.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2015.9254] [PMID:  26353483] 
[54] 
Chen L, Wang C, Li H, Qu X, Yang S-T, Chang X-L. Bioaccumulation and toxicity of 13C-skeleton labeled graphene oxide in wheat. Environ Sci Technol  2017; 51(17): 10146-53.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.7b00822] [PMID:  28771335] 
[55] 
Hao Y, Ma C, Zhang Z, et al. Carbon nanomaterials alter plant physiology and soil bacterial community composition in a rice-soil-bacterial ecosystem. Environ Pollut  2018; 232: 123-36.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2017.09.024] [PMID:  28947315] 
[56] 
Rico CM, Morales MI, McCreary R, et al. Cerium oxide nanoparticles modify the antioxidative stress enzyme activities and macromolecule composition in rice seedlings. Environ Sci Technol  2013; 47(24): 14110-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es4033887] [PMID:  24266714] 
[57] 
Vannini C, Domingo G, Onelli E, et al. Morphological and proteomic responses of Eruca sativa exposed to silver nanoparticles or silver nitrate. PLoS One  2013; 8(7)e68752
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0068752] [PMID:  23874747] 
[58] 
Mustafa G, Sakata K, Hossain Z, Komatsu S. Proteomic study on the effects of silver nanoparticles on soybean under flooding stress. J Proteomics  2015; 122: 100-18.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jprot.2015.03.030] [PMID:  25857275] 
[59] 
Mustafa G, Sakata K, Komatsu S. Proteomic analysis of flooded soybean root exposed to aluminum oxide nanoparticles. J Proteomics  2015; 128: 280-97.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jprot.2015.08.010] [PMID:  26306862] 
[60] 
Hossain Z, Mustafa G, Komatsu S. Plant responses to nanoparticle stress. Int J Mol Sci  2015; 16(11): 26644-53.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms161125980] [PMID:  26561803] 
[61] 
Mattiello A, Filippi A, Pošćić F, et al. Evidence of phytotoxicity and genotoxicity in Hordeum vulgare L. exposed to CeO2 and TiO2 nanoparticles. Front Plant Sci  2015; 6: 1043.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2015.01043] [PMID:  26635858] 
[62] 
Atha DH, Wang H, Petersen EJ, et al. Copper oxide nanoparticle mediated DNA damage in terrestrial plant models. Environ Sci Technol  2012; 46(3): 1819-27.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es202660k] [PMID:  22201446] 
[63] 
Lee S, Chung H, Kim S, Lee I. The genotoxic effect of ZnO and CuO nanoparticles on early growth of buckwheat, Fagopyrum esculentum. Water Air Soil Pollut  2013; 224: 1668.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11270-013-1668-0] 
[64] 
Santner A, Calderon-Villalobos LIA, Estelle M. Plant hormones are versatile chemical regulators of plant growth. Nat Chem Biol  2009; 5(5): 301-7.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nchembio.165] [PMID:  19377456] 
[65] 
Rastogi A, Zivcak M, Sytar O, et al. Impact of metal and metal oxide nanoparticles on plant: a critical review. Front Chem  2017; 5: 78.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fchem.2017.00078] [PMID:  29075626] 
[66] 
Vinković T, Novák O, Strnad M, et al. Cytokinin response in pepper plants (Capsicum annuum L.) exposed to silver nanoparticles. Environ Res  2017; 156: 10-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2017.03.015] [PMID:  28314149] 
[67] 
Wang P, Lombi E, Sun S, Scheckel KG, Malysheva A, McKenna BA, et al. Characterizing the uptake, accumulation and toxicity of silver sulfide nanoparticles in plants. Environ Sci Nano  2017; 4: 448-60.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/C6EN00489J] 
[68] 
Van NL, Ma C, Shang J, Rui Y, Liu S, Xing B. Effects of CuO nanoparticles on insecticidal activity and phytotoxicity in conventional and transgenic cotton. Chemosphere  2016; 144: 661-70.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.09.028] [PMID:  26408972] 
[69] 
Gui X, Deng Y, Rui Y, et al. Response difference of transgenic and conventional rice (Oryza sativa) to nanoparticles (γFe2O3). Environ Sci Pollut Res Int  2015; 22(22): 17716-23.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-015-4976-7] [PMID:  26154040] 
[70] 
Hao Y, Yu F, Lv R, et al. Carbon nanotubes filled with different ferromagnetic alloys affect the growth and development of rice seedlings by changing the C: N ratio and plant hormones concentrations. PLoS One  2016; 11(6)e0157264
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0157264] [PMID:  27284692] 
[71] 
Fraceto LF, Grillo R, de Medeiros GA, Scognamiglio V, Rea G, Bartolucci C. Nanotechnology in agriculture: which innovation potential does it have? Front Environ Sci  2016; 4: 20.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2016.00020] 
[72] 
Wu B, Zhu L, Le XC. Metabolomics analysis of TiO2 nanoparticles induced toxicological effects on rice (Oryza sativa L.). Environ Pollut  2017; 230: 302-10.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2017.06.062] [PMID:  28667911] 
[73] 
Zhao L, Peralta-Videa JR, Rico CM, et al. CeO2 and ZnO nanoparticles change the nutritional qualities of cucumber (Cucumis sativus). J Agric Food Chem  2014; 62(13): 2752-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf405476u] [PMID:  24611936] 
[74] 
Peralta-Videa JR, Hernandez-Viezcas JA, Zhao L, et al. Cerium dioxide and zinc oxide nanoparticles alter the nutritional value of soil cultivated soybean plants. Plant Physiol Biochem  2014; 80: 128-35.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2014.03.028] [PMID:  24751400] 
[75] 
Rajeshwari A, Kavitha S, Alex SA, et al. Cytotoxicity of aluminum oxide nanoparticles on Allium cepa root tip effects of oxidative stress generation and biouptake. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int  2015; 22(14): 11057-66.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-015-4355-4] [PMID:  25794585] 
[76] 
Rizwan M, Ali S, Qayyum MF, et al. Effect of metal and metal
 oxide nanoparticles on growth and physiology of globally important
 food crops: A critical review. J Hazard Mater 2017; 322(Pt A):
 2-16.. 
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.05.061] [PMID:  27267650] 
[77] 
Gorczyca A, Pociecha E, Kasprowicz M, Niemiec M. Effect of nanosilver in wheat seedlings and Fusarium culmorum culture systems. Eur J Plant Pathol  2015; 142: 251-61.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10658-015-0608-9] 
[78] 
Shaw AK, Ghosh S, Kalaji HM, Bosa K, Brestic M, Zivcak M, et al. Nano-CuO stress induced modulation of antioxidative defense and photosynthetic performance of Syrian barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Environ Exp Bot  2014; 102: 37-47.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envexpbot.2014.02.016] 
[79] 
Faisal M, Saquib Q, Alatar AA, Al-Khedhairy AA, Hegazy AK, Musarrat J. Phytotoxic hazards of NiO-nanoparticles in tomato: a study on mechanism of cell death. J Hazard Mater  2013; 250-251: 318-32.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2013.01.063] [PMID:  23474406] 
[80] 
Rao S, Shekhawat GS. Phytotoxicity and oxidative stress perspective of two selected nanoparticles in Brassica juncea. Biotech  2016; 6: 244.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13205-016-0550-3] 
[81] 
Ghosh M, Jana A, Sinha S, et al. Effects of ZnO nanoparticles in plants: Cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, deregulation of antioxidant defenses, and cell-cycle arrest. Mutat Res Genet Toxicol Environ Mutagen  2016; 807: 25-32.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mrgentox.2016.07.006] [PMID:  27542712] 
[82] 
Jiang HS, Qiu XN, Li GB, Li W, Yin LY. Silver nanoparticles induced accumulation of reactive oxygen species and alteration of antioxidant systems in the aquatic plant Spirodela polyrhiza. Environ Toxicol Chem  2014; 33(6): 1398-405.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/etc.2577] [PMID:  24619507] 
[83] 
Ebrahimi A, Galavi M, Ramroudi M, Moaveni P. Effect of TiO2 Nanoparticles on Antioxidant Enzymes Activity and Biochemical Biomarkers in Pinto Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). J Mol Biol Res  2015; 6: 58.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jmbr.v6n1p58] 
[84] 
 M. A RIAHI, F Rezaee, V Jalali. Effects of alumina nanoparticles on morphological properties and antioxidant system of Triticum aestivum. 2012.
[85] 
Rico CM, Barrios AC, Tan W, et al. Physiological and biochemical response of soil-grown barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) to cerium oxide nanoparticles. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int  2015; 22(14): 10551-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-015-4243-y] [PMID:  25735245] 
[86] 
Ruttkay-Nedecky B, Krystofova O, Nejdl L, Adam V. Nanoparticles based on essential metals and their phytotoxicity. J Nanobiotechnology  2017; 15(1): 33.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12951-017-0268-3] [PMID:  28446250] 
[87] 
Jain N, Bhargava A, Pareek V, Sayeed Akhtar M, Panwar J. Does seed size and surface anatomy play role in combating phytotoxicity of nanoparticles? Ecotoxicology  2017; 26(2): 238-49.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10646-017-1758-7] [PMID:  28083774] 
[88] 
Azura MN, Zamri I, Rashid M, Shahrin GM, Rafidah A, Mohammad I, et al. Evaluation of nanoparticles for promoting seed germination and growth rate in MR263 and MR269 paddy seeds. J Trop Agric and Fd Sc  2017; 45: 13-24.
[89] 
Spielman-Sun E, Avellan A, Bland GD, Tappero RV, Acerbo AS, Unrine JM, et al. Nanoparticle surface charge influences translocation and leaf distribution in vascular plants with contrasting anatomy. Environ Sci Nano  2019; 6: 2508-19.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/C9EN00626E] 
[90] 
Qian H, Peng X, Han X, Ren J, Sun L, Fu Z. Comparison of the toxicity of silver nanoparticles and silver ions on the growth of terrestrial plant model Arabidopsis thaliana. J Environ Sci (China)  2013; 25(9): 1947-55.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1001-0742(12)60301-5] [PMID:  24520739] 
[91] 
Haverkamp R, Marshall A. The mechanism of metal nanoparticle formation in plants: limits on accumulation. J Nanopart Res  2009; 11: 1453-63.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11051-008-9533-6] 
[92] 
Cox A, Venkatachalam P, Sahi S, Sharma N. Silver and titanium dioxide nanoparticle toxicity in plants: A review of current research. Plant Physiol Biochem  2016; 107: 147-63.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2016.05.022] [PMID:  27288991] 
[93] 
Qiu H, Smolders E. Nanospecific phytotoxicity of CuO nanoparticles in soils disappeared when bioavailability factors were considered. Environ Sci Technol  2017; 51(20): 11976-85.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.7b01892] [PMID:  28934849] 
[94] 
Gao X, Avellan A, Laughton S, et al. CuO nanoparticle dissolution and toxicity to wheat (Triticum aestivum) in rhizosphere soil. Environ Sci Technol  2018; 52(5): 2888-97.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.7b05816] [PMID:  29385794] 
[95] 
Du W, Sun Y, Ji R, Zhu J, Wu J, Guo H. TiO2 and ZnO nanoparticles negatively affect wheat growth and soil enzyme activities in agricultural soil. J Environ Monit  2011; 13(4): 822-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c0em00611d] [PMID:  21267473] 
[96] 
Larue C, Veronesi G, Flank A-M, Surble S, Herlin-Boime N, Carrière M. Comparative uptake and impact of TiO2 nanoparticles in wheat and rapeseed. J Toxicol Environ Health A  2012; 75(13-15): 722-34.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15287394.2012.689800] [PMID:  22788360] 
Rights & Permissions Print Cite
Article Metrics
13
1
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2665980801999200607174608	Print ISSN 2665-9808
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher	Online ISSN 2665-9816
Current Nanotoxicity and Prevention (Discontinued)

Plant Stimulant to Nanotoxicity: Recent Advancements and Opportunities

Abstract

Graphical Abstract
