Title:Dysregulation of the Gut-Brain Axis, Dysbiosis and Influence of Numerous Factors on Gut Microbiota Associated Parkinson’s Disease
Volume: 19
Issue: 2
Author(s): Gagandeep Kaur, Tapan Behl*, Simona Bungau, Arun Kumar, Md. Sahab Uddin, Vineet Mehta, Gokhan Zengin, Bijo Mathew, Muhammad Ajmal Shah and Sandeep Arora
Affiliation:
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab,India
Keywords:
Gut microbiota, parkinson’s disease, gastrointestinal tract, α-synuclein, TLRs, gut-brain axis.
Abstract: Background: Parkinson’s disease (PD) has been one of the substantial social, medical
concerns and, burdens of the present time. PD is a gradually devastating neurodegenerative disorder
of the neurological function marked with α-synucleinopathy affecting numerous regions of the
brain-gut axis, as well as the central, enteric, and autonomic nervous system. Its etiology is a widely
disputed topic.
Objective: This review emphasizes to find out the correlation among the microbial composition and
the observable disturbances in the metabolites of the microbial species and its impact on the immune
response, which may have a concrete implication on the occurrence, persistence and, pathophysiology
of PD via the gut-brain axis.
Methods: An in-depth research and the database was developed from the available peer-reviewed
articles to date (March 2020) utilizing numerous search engines like PubMed, MEDLINE and, other
internet sources.
Results: Progressively increasing shreds of evidence have proved the fact that dysbiosis in the gut
microbiome plays a central role in many neurological disorders, such as PD. Indeed, a disordered
microbiome-gut-brain axis in PD could be focused on gastrointestinal afflictions that manifest primarily
several years prior to the diagnosis, authenticating a concept wherein the pathological pathway
progresses from the intestine reaching the brain.
Conclusion: The microbiota greatly affects the bidirectional interaction between the brain and the
gut via synchronized neurological, immunological, and neuroendocrine mechanisms. It can be concluded
that a multitude of factors discussed in this review steadily induce the onset of dysbacteriosis
that may exacerbate the etiologic mechanism of Parkinson’s disease.
