Title:Proteomics and Neurodegenerative Disorders: Advancements in the Diagnostic Analysis
Volume: 21
Issue: 12
Author(s): Nidhi Puranik, Dhananjay Yadav, Shiv Kumar Yadav, Vishal K. Chavda and Jun-O Jin*
Affiliation:
- Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541,Korea
Keywords:
Neuroproteomics, biomarkers, neurodegenerative disorders, bioinformatics, proteomics.
Abstract: Changes in protein structure and function, alteration in protein-protein interaction, and significant
difference in protein concentration inside the body could play an important role in indicating
the pathological evidence of abnormalities before the development of clinical symptoms and act as a
critical detection and diagnostic tool commonly known as biomarkers. Biomarkers play important roles
in the diagnosis of various chronic diseases, including cancer. Neurodegenerative disorders, including
Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, Huntington's, prion, and multiple sclerosis, are well characterized by neuronal
deterioration, resulting in precise modifications of neuronal proteins. Nowadays, the diagnosis of
neurological disorders is based on proteins or biomarkers. These biomarkers may be found in the cerebrospinal
fluid, blood, serum, plasma, saliva, or urine sample. Early diagnosis is urgently needed to
prevent further damage. For early diagnosis, identifying the changes in novel protein levels and their
functions under the disease conditions is necessary. These can be used as specific proteomic biomarkers
for diseases, and they can be possibly identified using neuroproteomics. Neuroproteomics is an
emerging tool to corroborate disease-associated protein profiles. It also gives an idea about how these
proteins interact with other proteins and undergo post-translational modifications. Neuroproteomics is
based on bioinformatics, which provides functional characteristics and advances in technology such as
mass spectroscopy, and can help in the discovery of various disease-specific biomarkers. This review
gives a complete idea about the types of biomarkers, sources of biomarkers, and techniques involved in
the discovery of biomarkers for early diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases.
