Title:Prevalence of Multi-Drug Resistant Tuberculosis among Tuberculosis Patients Attending Chest Clinics in Osun-State, Nigeria
Volume: 21
Issue: 10
Author(s): Gbadebo J. Oyedeji, Charles Adeyemo, Affolabi Dissou, Tope Abiodun, Oyebode A.T. Alli, Olakunle J. Onaolapo, Adejoke Y. Onaolapo, Yemisi Adesiji and Olugbenga A. Olowe*
Affiliation:
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, P.M.B. 4400 Osogbo,Nigeria
Keywords:
Antituberculous drugs, Bacteria, Chest Clinics, GeneXpert, Pulmonology, Mycobacterium.
Abstract:
Background: The development of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) poses a considerable
threat to tuberculosis control programmes in Nigeria. There is an increase in the prevalence
of MDR-TB worldwide both among new tuberculosis cases as well as previously-treated ones. There is
also a rise in transmission of resistant strains due to an increase in MDR-TB patients largely due to the
poor drug compliance and the impact of Human immunodeficiency virus infection. Therefore, we intend
to determine the extent of MDR-TB among attendees of chest clinics in Osun-State, Nigeria.
Objectives: The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of MDR-TB among confirmed
tuberculosis patients attending chest clinics in Osun-State, Nigeria.
Methods: This study was conducted among 207 attendees of chest clinics in Osun-State between June,
2015 and October 15, 2016. Sputum and blood samples of the participants were collected. GeneXpert
test was carried out first on the samples for simultaneous identification of MTB and rifampicin resistance.
Sputum samples were cultured on Lowenstein-Jensen (L-J) medium using N-acetyl-Lcysteine-
sodium hydroxide (NALC-NaOH) decontamination method. Drug susceptibility testing
(DST) to three first-line drugs was carried out using the proportion DST method.
Results: The prevalence of MTB was found to be 27.5% while the prevalence of MDR-TB from the
fifty-seven isolates was 10.5%. Previously treated and new cases had a prevalence of 7.0% and 3.5%
MDR-TB, respectively. Seventy (33.8%) participants were positive for HIV infection, out of which
twenty-six (12.6%) had co-infection of tuberculosis and HIV. The mono-resistance rates of the three
first-line drugs used were: 5.3% and 8.7% for ethambutol (EMB) and isoniazid (INH), respectively. No
isolate had mono-resistance (0%) to rifampicin (RIF).
Conclusion: This study observed the prevalence of 27.5% MTB and a prevalence of 10.5% MDR-TB
among the MTB isolates. The prevalence of TB is high in Osun State. MDR-TB prevalence is higher
compared with the national estimate of MDR-TB (5.1%) of 2017. Resistant TB is a threat to national
tuberculosis control and it is recommended that all the facilities be equipped to cater to its diagnosis.
