In this difficult period of the SARS-CoV-2 (and its variants) infection responsible for Covid-19 diseases, the importance of scientific works and reviews dealing with these viruses has never been more essential and vital. Reports as of 20th April 2021 indicate over 141 million cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection worldwide (with over 3 million deaths recorded). This volume brings together essential data regarding prevention (vaccination), detection, and various approaches (chemotherapeutic drugs and antibodies) to the potential treatment of coronavirus infections. It presents six chapters concerning the following topics: (1) the resistance to the spread of SARS-CoV-2 and related Covid-19 diseases within a population based on the pre-existing immunity of a high proportion of individuals as a result infection or previous vaccination (2) the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic for the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) region, comprising the Bangladesh, Bhutan, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, India, and Afghanistan (3) the effect of candidate drugs chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine on QT interval in infected patients with Covid-19 diseases (4) the antiviral potential of herbal-based immunomodulators (5) the humoral immune response in humans based on anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies to treat Covid-19 diseases (6) the various methods and strategies for diagnosing SARS-CoV-2 (and its variants) infection in hosts/humans. This compilation should prove to be a tool of crucial importance for researchers around the world working on research revolving around coronaviruses, as well as for clinicians confronted by a growing number of patients with COVID-19. [Series Introduction] Coronaviruses presents compilations of reviews which present information about coronaviridae. Volumes in the series present interesting data on the virology, molecular biology, pathogenesis and epidemiology of these viruses. Current topics such as SARS-CoV-2 infection, COVID-19 epidemiology, economic impact of COVID-19, and new coronavirus variants are also included. The series should prove to be an essential resource on this group of viruses for multidisciplinary researchers and healthcare professionals alike.

COVID-19: Current Challenges and Future Perspectives informs readers about the current status of knowledge on COVID-19 infection. The book begins by presenting basic information about the history, epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment and preventive measures against COVID-19. The second part of the book contains information about the repurposing of drugs, herbal medicines, and immunotherapy against COVID-19 infections. Integrating both general and advanced information about Sars-cov-2, this book updates a wide range of readers including students, researchers (virologists, pharmacologists), health care professionals (physicians, nurses, pharmacists, paramedics) and the general public on novel coronaviruses and COVID-19.

Frontiers in Drug Design and Discovery is a book series devoted to publishing the latest and the most important advances in drug design and discovery. Eminent scientists have contributed chapters focused on all areas of rational drug design and drug discovery including medicinal chemistry, in-silico drug design, combinatorial chemistry, high-throughput screening, drug targets, and structure-activity relationships. This book series should prove to be of interest to all pharmaceutical scientists who are involved in research in drug design and discovery and who wish to keep abreast of rapid and important developments in the field. The tenth volume of this series brings together reviews covering topics related to the treatment of neoplasms, systems biology, respiratory diseases among others. Topics included in this volume are: - Recombinant Protein Production: from Bench to Biopharming - Plant Virus Nanoparticles and Virus like Particles (VLPs): Applications in Medicine - MAO Inhibitory Activity Of 4, 5-Dihydro-1 HPyrazole Derivatives: A Platform To Design Novel Antidepressants - Flavonoids Antagonize Effects of Alcohol in Cultured Hippocampal Neurons: A Drug Discovery Study - Hybrid Smart Materials for Topical Drug Delivery: Application of Scaffolds

This monograph presents information about the history and evolution of tuberculosis treatment, and the potential of the benzothiazole moiety for anti-tuberculosis (anti-TB) activity. The book introduces the reader to basic information about benzothiazole as a drug candidate before delving into the anti-tubercular properties of derivative compounds in subsequent chapters. The contributors explain quantitative structural-activity relationships of benzothiazole with anti-TB activity along with the importance of in-silico (computer aided) techniques in the drug design process. This is followed by a chapter which details Mycobacterium tuberculosis biology, strains as well as symptoms of tuberculosis infections. The book then explains in-vitro and in-vivo methods used to evaluate drug efficacy against tuberculosis along with the synthesis and anti-TB activity of the benzothiazole derivatives (benzothiazole diamide, benzothiazole guanidinyl derivatives and benzothiazole conjugated pyrazole derivatives). This book, therefore, is a quick reference on TB diseases, methods of in-silico and in-vitro screening of anti-TB drugs and the importance of the benzothiazole in TB treatment regimens. The book is suitable for readers, researchers and post graduate students who are interested in general tuberculosis drug design, screening and discovery, as well as the application of benzothiazole as an anti-TB drug.

The Vertebrate Pigmentary System: From pigment cells to Disorders provides readers with fundamental knowledge of the structural and functional aspects of vertebrate pigment cells - melanophores and melanocytes - from their origin to different stages of development to related diseases. Chapters of the book explain the specific regulatory receptors and markers, signaling pathways of skin melanocytes along with the diseases (hypopigmentation and hyperpigmentation) in humans associated with their disruption. Concurrently, the etiologies of pigmentary disorders and the various therapeutic approaches for their treatment are presented in focused chapters of the book with updated information from recent publications. A summary of natural product based treatment for hypopigmentation and hyperpigmentation rounds up the contents. This reference is a basic guide for medical students and dermatology residents, and a handy source of information for students, researchers, academicians in the field of pigment cell biology, pharmacology and cosmetology.

The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has affected almost every part of the globe with millions of cases and over a million deaths. The pandemic has had a significant global economic impact and addressing it systematically requires significant efforts from researchers, healthcare workers and governments. The COVID-19 Pandemic covers relevant aspects of this viral pandemic including information about the SARS-CoV-2 pathogen (morphology, genome, proteins, structural protein genes, replication), global epidemiology, transmission, risk factors, clinical manifestation, management, host immune response, pathogenesis, diagnosis and therapeutic agents (antivirals, natural compounds and vaccines). Readers will find basic and advanced knowledge about the disease organized into simple and easy-to-read chapters about the disease, making this book a handy and comprehensive reference for general readers, academics and biology students, alike.

Both Asia and Africa are home to many plants that can be used for the treatment of many diseases and their medicinal properties are gaining interest in western societies. Medicinal plants from Asia and Africa are used for their healing abilities and also have a symbolic meaning in communities. The importance of traditional autochthonous plant remedies plays a crucial role in the health of millions of people of these two continents. Even today, traditional medicine represents the dominant medical system for millions of people showing a significant impact on health care practices. Therefore, traditional operators still represent a vital part of regional healthcare systems. For this reason, pharmaceutical industries consider traditional medicine as a source for the identification of bioactive compounds that can be used in the preparation of synthetic drugs. Biologically Active Natural Products from Asia and Africa: A Selection of Topics guides the reader to information about new natural products from these regions and the different ways to use them to treat or alleviate many of the most common diseases. The volume presents nine topics covering a number of facets of natural product medicine including: - pharmaceutical analysis of anti-diabetic herbal medicines from Bangladesh and local retailers - caffeine intake and the risk of female infertility - pharmaceutical analysis of Urena sinuata (bur mallow) - anti-CHIKV activities of diterpenes and their derivatives - anti-inflammatory nanogel for the treatment of psoriasis - antlithiatic properties of Moroccan medicinal plants - ethnobotanic, phytochemical and biological activities of Aristolochia longa L. (pipevine) - wound healing potential of combined extracts of stem bark and leaves of sphenocentrum jollyanum (an African shrub) This is a handy reference for specialists and R&D experts in pharmaceutical chemistry who wish to be informed about current knowledge on developing natural remedies in Asia and Africa

Diabetes and the Eye familiarizes the reader with the relationship between diabetes mellitus and the visual system. It presents a discussion about the diabetes epidemic and the many ways the disease can cause vision loss, with several types of vision disorders covered in separate chapters. Information about new frontiers in the treatment of ophthalmic disorders is also presented to reflect the advances being made in the clinic. Key features: - presents detailed coverage of vision loss in diabetes in 12 organized and easy to read chapters - includes a discussion on the diabetes epidemic - covers a wide range of vision disorders, of different parts of the eye - includes information on current practices in eye care and management for diabetic patients - includes information about relevant diagnostic tools This book serves as a useful handbook for medical students, residents in ophthalmology, community and academic ophthalmologists, as well as members of the internal medicine and family practice communities.

Frontiers in Clinical Drug Research – HIV is a book series that brings updated reviews to readers interested in learning about advances in the development of pharmaceutical agents for the treatment of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and other disorders associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. The scope of the book series covers a range of topics including the medicinal chemistry and pharmacology of natural and synthetic drugs employed in the treatment of AIDS (including HAART) and resulting complications, and the virology and immunological study of HIV and related viruses. Frontiers in Clinical Drug Research – HIV is a valuable resource for pharmaceutical scientists, clinicians and postgraduate students seeking updated and critically important information for developing clinical trials and devising research plans in HIV/AIDS research. The fifth volume of this series features 5 chapters that cover these topics: - Clinical Eradication of Latent HIV Reservoirs: Where Are We Now? - HIV-1 Genotypic Drug Resistance Testing and Next-Generation Sequencing - Current and Promising Multiclass Drug Regimens and Long-Acting Formulation Drugs in HIV Therapy - Role of Nanotechnology in HIV Diagnosis and Prognosis - Preventive and Therapeutic Features of Combination Therapy for HIV

Frontiers in Clinical Drug Research - Anti-Cancer Agents is a book series intended for pharmaceutical scientists, postgraduate students and researchers seeking updated and critical information for developing clinical trials and devising research plans in anti-cancer research. Reviews in each volume are written by experts in medical oncology and clinical trials research and compile the latest information available on special topics of interest to oncology and pharmaceutical chemistry researchers. The sixth volume of the book features reviews on these topics: · Immunomodulating Agents in The Treatment of Acute Myeloid Leukemia · Potential Natural Products for Prostate Cancer Management · Inhibition of Key Protein-Protein Interactions by Small Molecules for Cancer Drug Design · Efficacy of Hepatic Arterial Infusion Chemotherapy (HAIC) For Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma · Targeting Cancer Stem Cells: Implications in Health and Disease