In this book volume-2 proposal has been classified into Part IV: Models for SARS-CoV-2 and Part V: Treatment Strategies for SARS-CoV-2. With the emergence of new coronavirus variants, epidemiology, different host tropism permits a thorough analysis of their evolution and acquired adaptability to their host which need different animal models and treatment approaches. No studies are complete without animal models closely related to human physiology to replicate the disease and observe the pathology conditions as in human cases. Such animal models play a vital role in virus pathogenesis and prepare a therapeutic immune response. Here describe bio-engineered transgenic mouse model inserting with specific genes, or CRISPR-Case9 gene-editing tool has been used previously for SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. The chapter will deal with culture techniques or cell lines for COVID-19—also histopathology of COVID-19, essential proteins that up or down-regulate SARS-CoV-2. The last chapter of this part will describe other diseases having similar signs and symptoms and their differentiation. There is no specific treatment available to date, just symptomatic therapy. However, scientists will elucidate effective antiviral drugs in clinical trials, phytochemicals, photomedicine such as ultraviolet A & B, homemade remedies, blood plasma transfusion, stem cell therapy, and computational approaches in vivo and in vitro trials. This book will appear as a baseline for academicians, scientists, and health professionals as still, research is going to overcome this outbreak of COVID-19, the novelty of best animal models, and find an effective treatment. However, just a single book proposal like this wouldn't have flourished without enthusiasm and determined publishers' and investigators' strength to take time from their busy schedule and subsidize on time. We thank the whole investigators who contributed, directly and indirectly, to bring it to reality.

The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has affected almost every part of the globe with millions of cases and over a million deaths. The pandemic has had a significant global economic impact and addressing it systematically requires significant efforts from researchers, healthcare workers and governments. The COVID-19 Pandemic covers relevant aspects of this viral pandemic including information about the SARS-CoV-2 pathogen (morphology, genome, proteins, structural protein genes, replication), global epidemiology, transmission, risk factors, clinical manifestation, management, host immune response, pathogenesis, diagnosis and therapeutic agents (antivirals, natural compounds and vaccines). Readers will find basic and advanced knowledge about the disease organized into simple and easy-to-read chapters about the disease, making this book a handy and comprehensive reference for general readers, academics and biology students, alike.

COVID-19: Current Challenges and Future Perspectives informs readers about the current status of knowledge on COVID-19 infection. The book begins by presenting basic information about the history, epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment and preventive measures against COVID-19. The second part of the book contains information about the repurposing of drugs, herbal medicines, and immunotherapy against COVID-19 infections. Integrating both general and advanced information about Sars-cov-2, this book updates a wide range of readers including students, researchers (virologists, pharmacologists), health care professionals (physicians, nurses, pharmacists, paramedics) and the general public on novel coronaviruses and COVID-19.

The management of COVID-19 is challenging due to the lack of clear information about the Sars-Cov2 and recommendations for specific treatment regimens. The scale of the pandemic has also exacerbated the situation, with health care systems under stress from the high volume of COVID-19 patients. In Demystifying COVID-19: Understanding the Disease, Its Diagnosis, and Treatment, medical experts explain many aspects about the COVID-19 pandemic, including guidelines to minimize risk of infection, diagnostic methods, treatment, real scenarios in the course of the disease and issues that need attention in specific patient groups. The book equips both general readers and healthcare professionals with key information required to understand COVID-19 and navigate a situation typical to a pandemic. Public health officials who wish to mobilize awareness campaigns for the benefit of the general public can also find value in the comprehensive information presented in this reference.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak has spread throughout the globe and much time has passed since it was declared as a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO). COVID-19: Diagnosis and Management provides clinicians and scholars all the information on this disease in 2 volumes. Readers will find a concise and visual reference for this viral disease and will be equipped with the knowledge to assess and manage Sar-Cov-2 infection cases in clinical settings. </p> This book is divided into two parts (I and II). Part I provides comprehensive information about 1) History of Coronaviruses, 2) Epidemiology of COVID-19, 3) Clinical presentation of this viral disease and 4) COVID-19 diagnosis. Part II covers broader topics about this communicable disease including 1) the prevention and treatment methodology, 2) mortality and long-term complications, 3) COVID-19 vaccines and future perspectives. </p> Key Features: </p> Covers all the aspects of COVID-19 making this a perfect textbook for virology and medical students. </p> Chapter wise description and segregation of topics from pathophysiology to diagnosis and management of COVID-19. </p> Six chapters in the first part which focus on clinical basics of COVID-19. </p> Six chapters in the first part which cover broader topics for practical infection control. </p> Multiple tables and figures which summarize and highlight important points. </p> Presents a summary of the current standards for the evaluation and diagnosis of COVID-19. </p> Features a detailed list of references, abbreviations, and symbols. </p> This book is an essential textbook reference for medical students, scientists (virologists, pulmonologists) and public health officials who are required to understand COVDI-19 diagnosis and management as part of their clinical training or professional work.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak has spread throughout the globe and much time has passed since it was declared as a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO). COVID-19: Diagnosis and Management provides clinicians and scholars all the information on this disease in 2 volumes. Readers will find a concise and visual reference for this viral disease and will be equipped with the knowledge to assess and manage Sar-Cov-2 infection cases in clinical settings. </p> This book is divided into two parts (I and II). Part I provides comprehensive information about 1) History of Coronaviruses, 2) Epidemiology of COVID-19, 3) Clinical presentation of this viral disease and 4) COVID-19 diagnosis. Part II covers broader topics about this communicable disease including 1) the prevention and treatment methodology, 2) mortality and long-term complications, 3) COVID-19 vaccines and future perspectives. </p> Key Features: </p> Covers all the aspects of COVID-19 making this a perfect textbook for virology and medical students. </p> Chapter wise description and segregation of topics from pathophysiology to diagnosis and management of COVID-19. </p> Six chapters in the first part which focus on clinical basics of COVID-19. </p> Six chapters in the second part which cover broader topics for practical infection control. </p> Multiple tables and figures which summarize and highlight important points. </p> Presents a summary of the current standards for the evaluation and diagnosis of COVID-19. </p> Features a detailed list of references, abbreviations, and symbols. </p> This book is an essential textbook reference for medical students, scientists (virologists, pulmonologists) and public health officials who are required to understand COVDI-19 diagnosis and management as part of their clinical training or professional work.

One of the most extraordinary characteristics of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection is its capacity to remain within the host's tissues for a long period of time. There is an enormous reservoir of persons latently infected with tuberculosis (LTBI) estimated at about a third of the world's population. From this reservoir arise about 10 million new cases of active TB and more than two million deaths occur annually. Current Diagnosis of Infant Tuberculosis Infection covers problems concerning the diagnosis of LTBI, giving an overview of commercially available options and, unlike most reviews on this subject, also points out some tools currently under development. The Ebook provides comprehensive understandable, practice-oriented information on this subject, while keeping frontier research developments in consideration. It serves as an update to readers from universities to the research center and hospital staff - as well as a guide for helping clinicians to improve their diagnostic skills regarding TB infections in an endemic country (such as Brazil).

This book is a concise, straightforward practical guide to the clinical management of patients having drug resistant tuberculosis infections. It covers every aspect of drug resistant tuberculosis, starting from epidemiology and bacteriology to a description of the latest diagnostic tests and a list of tuberculosis drugs. Readers will find clear guidelines for selection and administration of treatment regimens for the different types of drug resistant infections as well as instructions on follow-up procedures for such cases. The book also includes a series of clinical cases illustrating some of the most frequent problems encountered by doctors while treating drug resistant tuberculosis in a clinical setting. Drug Resistant Tuberculosis: Practical guide for clinical management is a useful handbook for general practitioners and medical students interested in learning about multi drug resistant tuberculosis and pulmonary care of patients having advanced infections.

The book focuses on a global problem challenging the health systems. Trypanosoma cruzi infections are transmitted by cone-nosed triatomine bugs, by blood transfusion and congenitally from mothers to their offspring. The American Trypanosomiasis affects 20 million people; among them a significant parcel (&amp;amp;lt; 1/3) will develop Chagas disease in the heart and digestive tract, where the immune system effector cells destroy target host cells. Genotype modifications resulting from transfer of minicircle sequence kDNA from the parasite into the host&amp;amp;acute;s genome may explain the autoimmune pathogenesis of the disease. The book discusses various aspects of this disease and should be of interest to readers who wish to keep abreast of the developments in this field.

The addition of only two novel classes of antibiotics to fight drug resistant microorganisms in the clinic over the past three decades means that the quest for new molecules that are effective against the threat of drug resistance is now a significant issue in modern medicine. Researchers have begun to experiment on alternative therapies to combat this threat. Novel chemical agents are considered to be drugs of choice for tomorrow's clinical practice owing to their low probability to generate resistance. The first volume of Frontiers in Antimicrobial Agents describes innovative alternatives to the classical antimicrobial therapeutics, such as phage therapy, AMPs, probiotics, novel biocides, natural products and immunotherapy. Cutting-edge research is brought to the forefront, shedding light on the developments taking place to meet the challenge of drug resistant microorganisms. The volume also features information on antimicrobial approaches in veterinary medicine. The book is a useful reference for researchers, microbiologists and healthcare professionals interested in updates on antibiotic resistance and alternatives to classical antibiotic therapy.