The Sector of Nano-Technology, at present, has evolved with a gigantic
breakthrough in the World of Technology. Keeping in view the application of Nano-
Technology on items such as of range from clothing to etc., funding and investment are
immensely encompassed for research in materials throughout the world. Nanotechnology is
being well-thought-out as another industrial revolution and is expected to be our socioeconomic
life for the upcoming 40-50 years. Nanotechnology deals with the materials at
small level such as atoms and molecules are referred to be as Nano-Technology.
Nanotechnology is the science and technology at the level of such small material sizes as that
of atoms and molecules. These materials are called to be as “Nanomaterials”. Their structures
are keenly researched and these materials are used in almost all types of industrial products to
improve their quality and performance with large value additions. In order to perceive the
small sizes of atoms and molecules, it can be imagined that these sizes are 800,000 times
smaller in size as compared to the thickness of human hair or of a paper sheet.
The materials used at that small sizes or scale, what is termed as “nano scale”, are
termed as nanomaterials and have very exotic properties and improve the performance
of the products, thereby adding great value to the similar industrial products which
donot use nanoscale materials and which bring much lower prices. These industrial
products could be textiles, medicines, pharmaceuticals, sports goods, auto or electronics
products, computers, communication equipment, solar energy, clean drinking water,
materials of construction industry, oil and gas exploration, defense and security
equipment, etc.
This is because of the fact that all materials are made of atoms and molecules and the
control and use of materials at that small sizes make the products of great quality and
performance. In this chapter, it has been endeavored to summarize the recent
development in nanotechnology for numerous applications in energy/power,
medicine/healthcare, water purification, biotechnology, electronics, sporting goods,
environmental issues, defense/security, and textile/fabrics.
Keywords: Applications, clean drinking water, communication equipment,
computers, electronics products, energy, industrial products, nano hazards,
nanomaterials, nanoparticles, nanotchnology, photovoltaic, solar cells, solar energy.
