Congenital vascular anomalies are a heterogeneous group of lesions that may
occur as isolated findings or as part of a constellation of symptoms or syndrome. These
anomalies are divided into vascular tumors or vascular malformations depending on the
growth rate of their constituent cells. Infantile hemangiomas are vascular tumors and
are the most common of the vascular anomalies followed by capillary malformations,
lymphatic malformations, venous malformations and arteriovenous malformations.
Proper diagnosis is critical for appropriate management of these enigmatic lesions.
Diagnosis is usually readily secured by history and physical findings although imaging
studies are sometimes necessary. Management varies considerably depending on the
nature of the lesion, its propensity for growth and its physical impact. Observation is
appropriate for some vascular anomalies, while others require pharmacologic treatment,
sclerotherapy, embolization, laser treatment or surgical excision. Nearly all patients
with vascular anomalies should be seen by a physician or team of physicians who
specializes in the care of these unique disorders.
Keywords: Vascular anomaly, vascular tumor, infantile hemangioma, congenital
hemangioma, PHACES, Kaposiform hemangioendothelioma, Kassabach Merritt
phenomenon, capillary malformation, tufted angioma, lymphatic malformation,
venous malformation, arteriovenous malformation.
