Biological methods of H2 generation are preferable to physico-chemical methods for several
reasons: i) biological systems can use renewable sources of energy (sun, organic wastes); ii) biological
processes are carrying under ambient pressures and temperatures; that is why they are safer; and iii)
biological systems are self-supporting, self-repairing, and self-reproducible in principle. Different
biological systems have own advantages and peculiarities. Combining them, the individual strength of
each may be exploited and their weaknesses can be overcome. Different strategies of their integration
are discussed in this chapter based on literature data. Some methods of integration are promising but
still they have not been experimentally supported. The integration of dark fermentative H2 production
using organic wastes in the first stage and H2 photoproduction by photosynthetic anoxygenic bacteria
using an effluent from the fermentation as the second stage attracted much attention last years. This
review evaluates published data with attempts to reveal the most important factors affecting the
productivity and efficiency of these dual systems.
Keywords: Biohydrogen, biological hydrogen production, integration of biohydrogen processes,
integration of dark fermentation and microbial fuel cell, integration of dark fermentation and
photofermentation, organic wastes decomposition, alternative energy from organic wastes.
