More than 600 million people have contracted the COVID-19, and a
substantial level of fatalities have occurred on a global scale. The pandemic has grown
to pose a serious risk to humankind. Gaining knowledge about the dynamics of virus
transmission and clinical manifestation, as well as possible causes of severe illness and
mortality, requires an understanding of coronavirus epidemiology. To create global
health policies that work, it is imperative to understand these elements. It is believed
that bats are the original host of the coronavirus that causes severe acute respiratory
syndrome. The most prevalent means of transmission is through airborne droplets.
Other potential routes of infection include the fecal-oral pathway, sexual transmission,
the vertical chain, and so forth. The incubation period of COVID-19 is two to fourteen
days, during which asymptomatic carriers may spread the virus to other people. From
mild symptoms like fever, coughing, and fatigue to life-threatening illness necessitating
hospitalization, COVID-19 respiratory illness can range widely in severity. The
impacts of the disease are more likely to affect the elderly and people with underlying
medical disorders including Type 2 diabetes, obesity, or chronic heart disease. New
strains of SARS-CoV-2 have evolved as the pandemic has expanded, wreaking havoc
on countries with weak healthcare systems and low incomes. Social isolation, the use
of masks, and vaccination campaigns have all helped reduce the spread of the virus.
Keywords: Aerosols, Coronavirus, COVID-19, Epidemiology, Fecal-oral route, Respiratory Syndrome, Respiratory infection, Symptoms, SARS-CoV-2, Transmission.
