This chapter examines the latest research findings on the association
between vitamin D levels and insulin resistance (IR) in various populations, including
pregnant and postpartum women, children and adolescents, and individuals with certain
health conditions such as diabetes, obesity, multiple sclerosis (MS), polycystic ovary
syndrome (PCOS), non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), diabetic kidney disease
(DKD), and diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN). Existing evidence suggests that
Vitamin D plays a crucial role as an immunomodulator, affecting important human
disorders like insulin resistance, glucose homeostasis, and mineral and bone
metabolism. Extensive evidence suggests that vitamin D has a substantial impact on the
development of insulin resistance (IR), through its influence on different gene variants
related to vitamin D and the metabolic and immunological pathways associated with it.
Supplementing with vitamin D can be beneficial in properly managing and enhancing
insulin resistance. Diverse research approaches have yielded both favorable and
unfavorable results on the correlation between vitamin D and insulin resistance (IR).
Further research is recommended to clarify the correlation between vitamin D and
insulin function, as well as to determine any variations in this association among
different age groups, genders, and illnesses.
Keywords: Diabetes mellitus, Insulin resistance, Metabolic syndrome, NonAlcoholic fatty liver disease, Vitamin D.
