Natural Language Processing (NLP) has received a lot of interest in the
current era of digitization due to its capacity to computationally show and analyze
human behaviours. Machine transformation, email spam recognition, information
mining, and summarization, as well as medical and inquiry response, are just a few of
the many tasks it is used for today. The development of NLP from the 1950s to 2023,
with various outcomes in the specified period of time, has been outlined in this article.
In addition, the fundamental NLP working components are used to show the analogy
between the processing done by the human brain and NLP. Major NLP applications
have been explored with examples. Last but not least, significant challenges and
possible future directions in the same field have been highlighted.
Keywords: Lemmatization, Language processing, Machine learning, Stemming, Tokenization.
