The prevalence of allergic diseases has importantly increased in the last years in some parts of the
world. The related causes are poorly known. However, it is thought to be associated to a complex interaction of
genetic and environmental factors. There’s some epidemiological evidence that the reduction in omega-3 long
chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 LC-PUFAS) intakes with the increased allergy prevalence. At this time,
there’s not enough evidence to recommend ω-3 LC-PUFAS supplementation, neither in the pregnant mother, nor
in the breastfeeding mother, in order to prevent allergic disease development in high risk population (primary
prevention). However, current studies are too heterogeneous and consider only ω-3 LC-PUFAS intake at lower
doses. We need to develop more studies with high dose of ω-3 LC-PUFAS to elucidate that issue. Similarly, there
are no conclusive data about the prevention of allergy development in high risk infants feeding with ω-3 LCPUFAS
supplementation. ω-3 LC-PUFAS consumption may reduce the use of anti-inflammatory drugs in the
treatment of asthma, probably because both of them exert their effects, almost in part, through the same molecular
actions. There may be a role of lipid mediators derived from ω-3 LC-PUFAS metabolism (lipoxins and resolvins)
in the resolution of allergic asthma inflammation. Hence, synergy between ω-3 LC-PUFAS and drugs may take
place and represent an adjunctive therapy in asthma (secondary prevention). Placebo-controlled studies with highquality
methodology design are required so as to draw better conclusions, especially with the employment of ω-3
LC-PUFAS at high doses (2-4 grams per day).
